Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have been screened out more frequently due to the progress of imaging techniques. Of these PCLs, the most common lesions are pancreatic pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Once these lesions are detected, further differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cysts, benign and malignant cysts should be made. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important tool in the diagnostic process of PCLs. Fundamental B-mode endoscopic ultrasonography can delineate the cyst morphology and inner structure well; contrast enhanced EUS can demonstrate images of microcirculation of the cystic wall, and discriminate mural nodules from mucous clots; EUS-fine needle aspiration and biopsy can help achieve cystic fluid analysis and yield a higher diagnostic rate in histological pathology examinations. The aim of this paper is to review the role of EUS in discriminating the differences between common PCLs.%影像技术的发展使得胰腺囊性占位(pancreatic cystic lesions,PCLs)检出率日益增高.常见的PCLs包括假性囊肿、浆液性囊腺瘤、黏液性囊腺瘤和胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤.由于PCLs包括良恶性肿瘤以及非肿瘤,因此正确的诊断显得尤为重要.内镜超声技术相比其他影像学检查更有助于鉴别PCLs的不同病种.内镜下二维超声可以清楚显示胰腺囊性占位的形态及内部结构;内镜下超声造影可显示病灶囊壁、囊内实性成分的血供特点;内镜超声引导下细针抽吸活检术可获取病灶内的囊液和部分实性组织,进而实现相应的生化分析及病理学检测.本文旨在对内镜超声的不同技术方法在诊断常见PCLs方面的价值进行综述.
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