明代文官恤典中的祠祀

摘要

The temple sacrifice of the Ming official's Xudian was a government -lead temple building and sacrifice activity based on the dead official's achievements and moral character.In this way,the dead officials were praised,and the living ones encouraged.Besides,through the magnificent temple and regular sacrifice activities,loyalism and government's rewarding to those who had rendered outstanding services were publicized.Though the people had different understanding to the temple sacri-fice and some temples ruined quickly due to lack of government support,the government and the general public never stopped applying for building new temples and sacrificing the dead.And the honor system and enlightening function developed from the temple sacrifice were still approved.%明代文官恤典祠祀是根据已故文官的功业、品德等因素，由国家主导的建祠奉祀活动。国家以此方式褒奖已故官员，激励在任官员，也希望通过壮丽的祠宇和定期的祭祀活动向更多的民众传达国家赏功酬劳之意，宣扬忠义价值。虽然民间对于这类祠祀有不同于官方的诉求，一些祠宇在缺乏官方力量支持后迅速走向衰落甚至荒废，但是官民并未停止申请恤典祠祀，祠祀所构建的荣誉体系、教化功能仍得到民间的认同。