南斯拉夫自治社会主义实践与理论的反差——从实践派理论家的观点谈起

摘要

自治是南斯拉夫社会主义实践的重要创举.实践派从对国家社会主义批判开始,阐释了自治的意义及其内涵.在此基础上,实践派理论家从宏观和微观层面上,参照自治实践进程总结了自治实践与理论的反差,即政治上国家主义和官僚主义的持存,经济上自治关系的不彻底,以及政治、经济和社会等方面的各类具体危机.为解决上述实践困境,实践派坚持应继续贯彻和落实社会主义自治,削弱国家社会主义关系,推动自治进一步扎根于政治、经济及社会关系之中.实践派的理论探索虽然未能挽救南斯拉夫社会主义的失败,但为我们留下了宝贵的历史教训与时代经验.%Autonomy remains an important initiative of the practice of socialism in Yugoslavia. Starting from the criticism of the state socialism, the practice school explained the meaning and connotation of autonomy. Based on it, the theorists in the macro? and micro? level summarized the theory and practice of autonomous contrast according to the autonomous practice process,that is,the persistence of political nationalism and bu?reaucracy,less?complete economic autonomy relationship,and the various political, economic and social cri?ses. In order to solve these practical difficulties,the practice school insisted that they should carry out socialist autonomy,weaken national socialist relations and promote autonomy to take root further in the political, eco?nomic and social relations. Although the theoretical exploration of the practice had failed to save the failure of Yugoslavia's socialism,it left us a valuable historical lesson and experience of the times.