Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;
Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;
Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;
litter decomposition; precipitation changes; litter substrate quality; Quercus mongolica;