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Development of a fluorescent probe for determination of water transport in subcellular organelles.

机译:用于确定亚细胞细胞器中水运输的荧光探针的开发。

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Water transport has been widely studied in a variety of cells and isolated membranes. However, the intrinsic complexity related with the study of intracellular processes has delayed the development of an analytical technique for the study of water transport in subcellular compartments of living cells. This study represents the development and application of a ratiometric fluorescent probe to study water transport in endocytic organelles of intact living cells. The probe is based on the use of a D2O-sensitive fluorophore, Lucifer yellow dextran (LY-dex), together with a D2O-insensitive fluorophore, Alexa fluor 546 dextran (AF546-dex), used as an internal reference. To ensure localization of the dyes into the organelles via pinocytocis and avoid leaking, both dyes are coupled to a high molecular weight (10.000 MW) aminodextran.;In the first part of the thesis, demonstration of the efficacy of the probe to measure water transport in living cells is shown. In the second part, the probe is used for quantification of water exchange in lysosomes. Finally, the probe is employed to follow kinetics of water exchange in macropinosomes and lysosomes.;It was demonstrated that the probe responds linearly to changes in D 2O concentration (% v/v). In in vitro experiments the probe ratios changed about 0.40 units between 0% v/v and 90% v/v D2O, while in ex vivo experiments the probe ratio changes about 0.20 units over the same concentration range. To probe its applicability in water transport measurements in living cells, studies of superfusion were conducted replacing the RB (prepared in H2O) around individual cells by Ringer's Buffer containing D2O. Rapid imaging of the organelles during perfusion experiments allowed the determination of kinetics of water exchange across the membranes of lysosomes in CHO cells.;The probe was also used in the quantification of water exchange in J774.A1 lysosomes. It was observed that J774.A1 lysosomes exchange 66 +/- 1% of their water content under equilibrium but when the organelles were permeabilized, using 20 mug/ml digitonin solutions in 90% D2O to increase exchange of water across the lysosomes. Hence, lysosomes exchange the remaining water content.;Taking advantage of the fact that organelles loaded with the fluorescent probe show significant increases in LY-dex fluorescence intensity as D 2O from the extracellular solution is exchanged across the organellar membrane, the probe was used to follow the kinetics of water exchange across the membranes of lysosomes and macropinosomes in J774.A1 cells.;It was found that lysosomal water permeability is pH dependent; changing from (6.8 +/- 0.2) x 10-3 cm/s (mean +/- s.e.m. n=62 lysosomes) to (9.4 +/- 0.5) x 10-4 (mean +/- s.e.m. n=22 lysosomes) following treatment with NH4Cl and (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10-4 (mean +/- s.e.m. n=4 lysosomes) after treatment with Bafilomycin A1. It was also observed that macropinosome membrane permeability increases from (1.2 +/- 0.6) x 10-3 cm/s (3 min after formation mean +/- s.e.m. n=15 pinosomes) to (5.2 +/- 0.6) x 10-3 cm/s (after 25 min of formation mean +/- s.e.m. n=15 pinosomes).;Collectively these findings demonstrate the ability of the developed methods for quantification and determination of the kinetics of water exchange in subcellular organelles in living cells. This is the first time that kinetics of water and quantification of water has been measured in organelles under physiological conditions.
机译:在各种细胞和分离的膜中,对水的运输进行了广泛的研究。然而,与细胞内过程研究有关的内在复杂性已经延迟了用于研究活细胞亚细胞区室中水运输的分析技术的发展。这项研究代表了比例荧光探针的开发和应用,以研究完整活细胞内吞细胞器中水的运输。该探针基于对D2O敏感的荧光团路西法黄葡聚糖(LY-dex)以及对D2O不敏感的荧光团Alexa fluor 546葡聚糖(AF546-dex)的使用,作为内部参考。为确保染料通过pinocytocis定位到细胞器中并避免泄漏,两种染料均与高分子量(10.000 MW)的氨基葡聚糖偶联。在论文的第一部分,论证了该探针测量水迁移的功效。在活细胞中显示。在第二部分中,探针用于定量溶酶体中的水交换。最后,该探针用于跟踪大粒体和溶酶体中水交换的动力学。证明该探针对D 2O浓度(%v / v)的变化呈线性响应。在体外实验中,探针比率在0%v / v和90%v / v D2O之间变化了约0.40单位,而在离体实验中,探针比率在相同浓度范围内变化了约0.20单位。为了探究其在活细胞中水迁移测量中的适用性,进行了超融合研究,用含D2O的林格氏缓冲液代替了单个细胞周围的RB(在H2O中制备)。在灌注实验过程中对细胞器进行快速成像,可以测定CHO细胞中溶酶体膜上水交换的动力学。该探针还用于定量J774.A1溶酶体中的水交换。观察到J774.A1溶酶体在平衡状态下交换其水分含量的66 +/- 1%,但当细胞器被透化时,使用20杯/毫升的洋地黄皂苷溶液在90%D2O中增加水在溶酶体上的交换。因此,溶酶体交换了剩余的水含量。利用装载荧光探针的细胞器显示出LY-dex荧光强度显着增加这一事实,因为来自细胞外溶液的D 2O穿过细胞器膜进行交换,该探针被用于研究了J774.A1细胞中溶酶体和大胶体细胞膜上水交换的动力学。从(6.8 +/- 0.2)x 10-3 cm / s(平均+/- sem n = 62溶酶体)变为(9.4 +/- 0.5)x 10-4(平均+/- sem n = 22溶酶体)在用Bafilomycin A1治疗后,用NH4Cl和(1.3 +/- 0.4)x 10-4(平均+/- sem n = 4溶酶体)治疗。还观察到,巨细胞体膜的渗透性从(1.2 +/- 0.6)x 10-3 cm / s(形成平均值+/- sem n = 15脂质体后3分钟)增加到(5.2 +/- 0.6)x 10- 3 cm / s(形成后25分钟,平均值+/- sem n = 15松散体)。这些发现共同证明了开发的方法能够定量和确定活细胞中亚细胞细胞器中水交换动力学的能力。这是首次在生理条件下测量细胞器中水的动力学和水的定量。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Biology Cell.;Chemistry Analytical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 164 p.
  • 总页数 164
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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