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Looking at the Surface of the Mind: Descartes on Visual Sensory Perception

机译:看着心灵的表面:笛卡尔在视觉感觉上的感知

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One of the most defining features of Rene Descartes' philosophy is the nature and degree of his dualism. As conventional readings go, Descartes neatly divides reality into two radically distinct types of substances---mind and body---and never the two shall meet. I argue, however, that Descartes does not split the mind from body as cleanly as conventional readings might think, that the two metaphysical hemispheres are not entirely separate. There is a bridge linking the two together, and the road map for discovery is found in Descartes' theory of sensory perception.;Descartes' views on sensory perception is the most apt topic in which to seek an understanding of the relationship between mind and body because, in general, it requires some explanation about how immaterial souls are informed by material bodies; that is, the topic demands that Descartes hypothesize about how perceptions---which he considers exclusive to minds---can be of things wholly distinct in kind, things that are essentially material. Throughout his writings, Descartes pays most attention to visual sensory perception, and so I follow in suit. Moreover, I concentrate on visual shape perception because, as I argue, understanding this aspect of Descartes' philosophy leads to insights about the precise relationship between mind and body.;To give a feel for the overall shape of my reading, consider "veil of perception" interpretations of Descartes. Such readings understand Descartes as wedging a "third thing" between perceivers and the perceived object, standardly ascribing the "third thing" to the mind itself. On such readings of Descartes, sensory access to the physical world is mediated by mental images . So, according to these readings, one sees an idea of a tree, but not the tree itself. According to the reading of Descartes I offer, however, the veil is sheerer than previously thought. For I argue that the "third thing" bridging perceivers with the perceived belongs to bodily substance. In particular, I argue that minds directly perceive a part of the brain. This view has ramifications for Descartes' dualism because, in order to make sense of exactly how minds are directly aware of their brain, Descartes posits a unique ontological item shared between mind and body, thereby rejecting the absolute dualism supposed by more conventional readings.;My arguments for these claims rely chiefly on interpreting Descartes as adhering to the presentation thesis, a thesis claiming, in general, that minds directly attend to a brain state. The first three chapters of the dissertation are devoted to showing how the presentation thesis fits with and can be derived from the full range of Descartes' writings. In the final chapter I argue that the presentation thesis influences Nicolas Malebranche, in part, to locate the "wedge" of his theory of sensory perception in God.
机译:雷内·笛卡尔哲学的最鲜明特征之一就是其二元论的性质和程度。就像传统读物一样,笛卡尔巧妙地将现实分为两种截然不同的物质类型-心灵和身体-而且这两种物质再也不会相遇了。但是,我认为笛卡尔并没有像传统的阅读所认为的那样干净利落地将思想从身体中分离出来,两个形而上学的半球并不完全分开。有一条桥将两者联系在一起,在笛卡尔的感官知觉理论中找到了发现的路线图;笛卡尔对感官知觉的观点是寻求对身心关系的最恰当的话题因为总的来说,这需要对物质实体如何告知非物质灵魂进行一些解释;就是说,这个话题要求笛卡尔假想一下-他认为这是心灵所独有的-是如何完全不同的事物,本质上是物质的事物。在他的所有著作中,笛卡尔都最关注视觉感官知觉,所以我也跟着做。此外,我专注于视觉形状感知,因为正如我所主张的那样,理解笛卡尔哲学的这一方面会导致对思想与身体之间精确关系的见识。笛卡尔的“知觉”解释。这样的解读将笛卡尔理解为在感知者和被感知对象之间楔入了“第三件事”,通常将“第三件事”归因于思想本身。在读笛卡尔的这些读物时,对精神世界的感觉进入是通过心理意象来实现的。因此,根据这些读物,人们只看到一棵树的想法,而不是树本身。但是,根据我提供的笛卡尔读物,面纱比以前想象的要透明。因为我认为将感知者与感知者联系起来的“第三件事”属于身体实质。我特别指出,思想直接感知大脑的一部分。这种观点对笛卡尔的二元论产生了影响,因为为了准确地理解人的大脑是如何直接意识到自己的大脑的,笛卡尔提出了一个在身心之间共享的独特的本体论项,从而拒绝了更为传统的阅读所假定的绝对二元论。我对这些主张的论证主要依赖于将笛卡尔理解为是对表达论的坚持,该论据通常认为头脑直接参与了大脑状态。论文的前三章专门介绍演示文稿论文如何与笛卡尔的全部著作相吻合并可以从中得到。在最后一章中,我认为陈述的论断部分地影响了尼古拉斯·马兰布兰奇(Nicolas Malebranche),以定位他在上帝中的感官知觉理论的“楔形”。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Philosophy of science.;Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 169 p.
  • 总页数 169
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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