Perfective aspect and negation in Pontianak Teochew.

摘要

This research investigates Pontianak Teochew, a Chinese dialect that originated in the Chaoshan region of Guandong province in China. Pontianak is the capital city of West Kalimantan in Indonesia. The primary goal is to discuss the perfective aspect and negation, and discuss the sociolinguistic backgrounds of the speakers of the language.;The results of the interviews show that the choice of languages among the Teochew people in Pontianak has been influenced by four main factors: the language spoken by people at home, the national policy, education, and the language used by neighbors, friends, and co-workers. The results of the questionnaires show that Teochew is still spoken in nine domains, while Indonesian is spoken in seventeen out of thirty-four domains by both generations. In terms of language attitudes, both generations have positive attitudes about their mother tongue, formal Indonesian, English and other foreign languages. Based on the extended scale proposed by Lewis and Simons (2010), Teochew in Pontianak can be described as level 6b. For UNESCO's category, Teochew is "vulnerable" or level 4. Based on the speaker population, Teochew is "unsafe" or level 4. In terms of the amount and quality of documentation, it can be classified as 0 "undocumented" because the language is spoken at home and being transmitted with no written forms.;The analysis on the perfective markers shows the use of the perfective marker lou is generally selected by the features of [expected, positive] of the event. The predicates/events that take diau have the following general features [unexpected, negative, intransitive unaccusative], and the predicates/events that take dio [glottal stop] have the following features [unexpected, positive/ negative, transitive]. The analysis on the interactions show that 1) None of the 'b' negative markers, i.e. bo, boi, bue, can co-occur with the perfective marker lou, 2) All of the 'm' negative markers can co-occur with all of the perfective markers, except for m and dio [glottal stop], and 3) None of the perfective markers can co-occur with bo, except for dio [glottal stop]. The marker dio [glottal stop] and bo is compatible because only the affirmative sentences with dio [glottal stop] can be emphasized using u 'exist.'