Flows around bodies with knuckles are studied with an ultimate goal of predicting changes in resistance of a simplified-form ship with knuckles. As a first step, an analytical solution for the two-dimensional flow past a square is derived and compared with numerical results. The analysis is then extended to a very simple three-dimensional body with knuckles. Near the knuckle, the velocity potential changes rapidly; a pseudo-potential difference is demonstrated to exist when the knuckle is not aligned with a streamline. Finally, a method to calculate the pseudo-potential difference is established and applied to ship hulls. Comparisons between experimental results and the calculations are made to relate the potential differences to changes in drag of three simplified-form ships.
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