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Oscar Wilde's America: The Aesthetic Movement and the hidden life of the Gilded Age, 1876-1893.

机译：奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）的《美国：审美运动与镀金时代的隐秘生活》，1876-1893年。

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To see Victorianism (or even Gilded Age America) as a monolithic, static category can be misleading. The Aesthetic Movement of the 1870's and 1880's, a popular art movement, was an episode in a larger dialectical process, a process toward modernity which pitted aesthetic and bohemian strains against other tendencies from the 1870's onward. Not an elite movement, Aestheticism contested middle-class domesticity, as women championed an artistic individuality over a maternal role and created alternate mind-worlds through opiates. For men, the emergence of the homosexual aesthete Oscar Wilde created latitude for some Victorian men to experiment with new gender identities.; This dissertation examines material culture as well as traditional texts. Artifacts in the aesthetic parlor, the artistic costume of aesthetic women, images in the popular media, as well as specific individuals involved with the Aesthetic Movement (Candace Wheeler, a textile designer, and Oscar Wilde), frame the argument. In a wider context, the analysis looks at the effect of two periods of militarization upon the Aesthetic Movement (the Civil War and the rise of imperialism in the 1890's), as well as the cultural battle between models of "manly" (and "soldierly") labor and the individual aesthetic ideal popularized by Wilde.; In conclusion, the quasi-sacramental dimension of popular art, the alternative realities, and the critique of utilitarianism so pronounced in the Aesthetic ideology suggest a counter agenda for the Gilded Age. For identities were fluid and shifting as were perceptions of objects and spaces. Americans saw aesthetic artifacts, not always as consumer items or as emblems of wealth and status (the conventional vision of Gilded Age society), but as part of a "hidden" aesthetic environment. The male aesthetic sensibility, so prominent in the Aesthetic decades, prompted a homosexual awareness that was apparent (and at times approved) in American popular culture during the 1870's and 1880's.

机译：将维多利亚主义（甚至是镀金时代的美国）视为一个整体的静态类别可能会产生误导。 1870年代和1880年代的美学运动是一种流行的艺术运动，它是一个较大的辩证过程的一个插曲，这是一种走向现代的过程，使审美和波西米亚风格与1870年代以后的其他趋势背道而驰。审美运动不是精英运动，它挑战中产阶级的家庭生活，因为妇女在母性角色上倡导艺术个性，并通过鸦片制剂创造了替代的思维世界。对于男性来说，同性恋美学的出现使奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）为一些维多利亚时代的男性提供了尝试新的性别认同的自由。本文考察了物质文化和传统文本。美学会场中的艺术品，美学女性的艺术装束，大众媒体中的图像以及与审美运动有关的特定个人（纺织品设计师Candace Wheeler和Oscar Wilde）构成了论点。在更广泛的背景下，分析着眼于军事化的两个时期对美学运动的影响（南北战争和1890年代帝国主义的兴起），以及“男子汉”（和“士兵”）模式之间的文化斗争“）劳动和王尔德所推广的个人审美理想。总而言之，在审美意识形态中如此流行的大众艺术的准圣礼，替代现实以及对功利主义的批判提出了镀金时代的对立议程。因为身份就像物体和空间的感知一样是流动和变化的。美国人看到的美学文物，并不总是作为消费品或财富和地位的象征（镀金时代社会的传统愿景），而是作为“隐藏”美学环境的一部分。在审美的几十年中如此突出的男性审美敏感性促使人们产生了同性恋意识，这种意识在1870年代和1880年代的美国流行文化中很明显（有时是被认可的）。

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作者
Blanchard, Mary Warner.;
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作者单位

Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

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授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
学科 American Studies.; History United States.; Womens Studies.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 1994
页码 777 p.
总页数 777
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类美洲史;社会学;
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2. The irony of being Oscar: the legendary life and death of Oscar Wilde. [J] . Mai R, Rutka J The Journal of otolaryngology . 2000,第4期

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5. The aesthetics of self-fashioning: Pater, Wilde, and Yeats (Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, William Butler Yeats, Ireland). [D] . Fang, Po. 1999

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C., The Study of History: A Bibliographical Guide , 2nd ed., Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. xiv + 140, £40.00.ParkerChristopher, The English Idea of History from Coleridge to Collingwood , Ashgate Publishing, 2000, pp. vii + 244, £45.RichardsonR. C. (ed.), The Changing Face of English Local History , Ashgate, 2000, pp. viii + 218, £45.00.BarronW. R. J. (ed.), Arthur and the English: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval English Life and Literature , University of Wales Press, 1999, pp. 398, £35.00.ComensoliViviana and RussellAnne (eds), Enacting Gender on the English Renaissance Stage , University of Illinois Press, 1999, pp. 270, £18.95; SaundersEve Rachel, Gender and Literacy on Stage in Early Modern England , Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 260, £35.BerryPhilippa, Shakespeare's Feminine Endings , Routledge, 1999, pp. 197, £15.99 pb.; BellIlona, Elizabethan Women and the Poetry of Courtship , Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 262, £35.00.NorbrookDavid, Writing the English Republic: Poetry, Rhetoric and Politics 1627–1660 , Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. xiii + 509, £40.FischHarold, New Stories for Old: Biblical Patterns in the Novel , Macmillan, 1998, pp. x + 236, £42.50; FischHarold, The Biblical Presence in Shakespeare, Milton and Blake , Clarendon Press, 1999, pp. xi + 330, £45.MarottiArthur F. (ed.), Catholicism and Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern English Texts , Macmillan, 1999, pp. xvii + 266, £47.50; ShellAlison, Catholicism, Controversy and the English Literary Imagination, 1558–1660 , Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. xi + 309, £37.50.JamoussiZouheir, Primogeniture and Entail in England: A Survey of their History and Representation in Literature , Centre de Publication Universitaire, Tunis, 1999, pp. 293, 8 DT.MurphRoxane C., The English Civil War through the Restoration in Fiction: An Annotated Bibliography , Greenwood Press, Westport, CT., 2000, pp. viii + 349, £63.95.HammondPaul, Dryden and the Traces of Classical Rome , Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1999, pp. 305, £45.00.LevineJoseph M., Between the Ancients and the Moderns: Baroque Culture in Restoration England , Yale University Press, 1999, pp. xiv + 279, £27.50.TaylorAnya, Bacchus in Romantic England: Writers and Drink, 1780–1830 , Macmillan, 1999, pp. xi + 264, £47.50.MandellLaura, Misogynous Economies: The Business of Literature in Eighteenth-century Britain , University of Kentucky, 1999, pp. x + 228, $42.00.BainesPaul, The House of Forgery in Eighteenth-century Britain , Ashgate, 1999, pp. viii + 195, £47.50.MunnsJessica and RichardsPenny (eds), The Clothes that Wear Us , Newark, University of Delaware Press, 1999, pp. 362, £37.McCalmanIain (ed.), An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age: British Culture, 1776–1832 , Oxford University Press, 1999, p. xii + 780, £85.BrydenInga and FloydJanet (eds), Domestic Space: Reading the Nineteenth-century Interior , Manchester University Press, 1999, pp. xii + 219, £40.00; KiddAlan and NichollsDavid (eds), Gender, Civic Culture and Consumerism: Middle-class Identity in Britain 1800–1940 , Manchester University Press, 1999, pp. xiv + 223, £46.00, pb. £14.99.SchadJohn Victorians in Theory: From Derrida to Browning , Manchester University Press, 1999, pp. x + 180, £40.MorseDavid, The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism , Macmillan, 2000, pp. viii + 330, £45.KlagesMary, Woeful Afflictions: Disability and Sentimentality in Victorian America , University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, pp. 211, $36.50.OudittSharon, Women Writers of the First World War: An Annotated Bibliography , Routledge, 2000, pp. 230, £75; TyleeClaire with TurnerElaine and CardinalAgnes (eds), War Plays by Women: An International Anthology , Routledge, 2000, pp. 225, £16.99 pb.TaylorJohn A., Diana, Self-Interest, and British National Identity , Praeger, 2000, pp. 169, £44.95.EarnshawSteven, The Pub in Literature , Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. x + 294, £45 and £15.99 pb.KlausH. 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Oscar Wilde's America: The Aesthetic Movement and the hidden life of the Gilded Age, 1876-1893.

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