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The tidal disruption of stars by a massive black hole at the center of a galaxy.

机译:星系中心的巨大黑洞对恒星造成的潮汐破坏。

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摘要

Studies of the luminosity evolution of optical Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) suggest that a large number of normal-looking galaxies today have a central massive black hole. These galaxies once contained Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), but a dwindling fuel supply forced the central engine to fade. If one of these galaxies happens to be close enough, it might be possible to detect the central black hole by the effects it has on the kinematics and surface density of stars in the galactic nucleus. But, for the majority of galaxies, it is not feasible to observe these effects due to their great distance.; Not feasible, that is, until the black hole disrupts a passing star. The debris of the star will form an accretion disk around the black hole. The galactic nucleus will then become a reborn AGN. It is then possible to detect the black hole by the sudden appearance of a compact source of extreme UV and X-ray photons at the center of a galaxy. Broad, double-peaked emission lines may also appear, giving conclusive evidence that an accretion disk has formed around a massive black hole. A survey to detect flares from galactic nuclei resulting from tidally-disrupted stars could possibly answer whether or not most galaxies go through an AGN phase.; In this work, we will use Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to remove much of the uncertainty that existed in previous work on the tidal disruption of stars. These works were forced to assume that stars which passed inside the Roche limit of a black hole were completely accreted by the black hole. We will replace this assumption with the results of our SPH simulations, and find that previous works overestimated the rate at which gas is stripped from stars by a factor of two. We will then review the observational consequences of a disruption event, and consider two cases in which such an event may have been witnessed.
机译:对光学准星体(QSO)的光度演化的研究表明,当今许多看起来正常的星系都有一个中心的大黑洞。这些星系曾经包含活动星系核(AGN),但是燃料供应的减少迫使中央引擎衰落。如果这些星系之一恰好足够靠近,则有可能通过其对银核中恒星的运动学和表面密度的影响来检测中心黑洞。但是,对于大多数星系来说,由于距离太远,观察这些影响是不可行的。那是不可行的,也就是说,直到黑洞破坏了一颗恒星。恒星的碎片将在黑洞周围形成吸积盘。然后,银河核将成为重生的AGN。然后可以通过在银河系中心突然出现一个紧凑的极端紫外线和X射线光子源来检测黑洞。可能还会出现宽峰的双峰发射线,这有确凿的证据表明在巨大的黑洞周围形成了吸积盘。一项探测潮汐破裂的恒星产生的银河核耀斑的调查可能会回答大多数星系是否经历了AGN阶段。在这项工作中,我们将使用平滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)模拟来消除先前关于恒星潮汐破坏的工作中存在的许多不确定性。这些工作被迫假定通过黑洞的罗氏极限内的恒星完全被黑洞吸收。我们将用SPH模拟的结果代替该假设,并发现以前的工作高估了气体从恒星上剥离的速率两倍。然后,我们将审查中断事件的观察结果,并考虑可能已目睹两次此类事件的情况。

著录项

  • 作者

    Fulbright, Michael Scott.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1995
  • 页码 127 p.
  • 总页数 127
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 天文学;
  • 关键词

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