We construct the conjugacy classes of maximal abelian subalgebras (MASAs) of the real pseudoeuclidean Lie algebras e(p, q) under the conjugation by the corresponding pseudoeuclidean Lie groups E(p, q). The algebra e( p, q) is a semi-direct sum of the pseudoorthogonal algebra o(p, q) and the abelian ideal of translations T(p + q). We use this particular structure to construct first the splitting MASAs, which are themselves direct sums of subalgebras of o(p, q) and T(p + q). Splitting MASAs give rise to the nonsplitting MASAs of e(p, q). The results for q = 0, 1 and 2 are entirely explicit. MASAs of e(p, 0) and e( p, 1) are used to construct conformally nonequivalent coordinate systems in which the wave equation and Hamilton-Jacobi equations allow the separation of variables.;As an application of subgroup classification we perform symmetry reduction for two nonlinear partial differential equations. The method of symmetry reduction is used to obtain analytical solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz and a nonlinear diffusion equations. The symmetry group is found for both equations and all two-dimensional subgroups are classified. These are used to reduce both equations to ordinary differential equations, which are solved in terms of elliptic functions.
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