Biological systematics of the genus Ceratina, subgenus Ceratinidia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae).

摘要

The Oriental species of the genus Ceratina, subgenus Ceratinidia are revised, based on a study of approximately 3,100 specimens. Thirty-seven species are recognized, with three described as new. All species are fully described and diagnosed, except for C. incertula and C. maai. Identification keys for both sexes are provided. The new species are C. chiangmaiensis, C. malukuensis, and C. rugosoclypeata. Ceratina alpicola Shiokawa and C. taiwanensis Shiokawa are elevated from subspecies status, and C. incertula and C. lepida var. sutepensis Cockerell are elevated from junior synonymy. The following names are relegated to synonymy: C. alexandrae Baker under C. carinifrons Baker, C. bowringi Baker under C. hieroglyphica Smith, and C. lepida var. sublepida Cockerell under C. sutepensis. Lectotypes are designated for C. bicuneata Cockerell, C. cognata Cockerell, C. selangorensis Cockerell, C. compacta Smith, C. flavipes Smith, C. hieratica Baker, C. interrupta Alfken, C. rugifrons Smith, C. simillima Smith, C. lepida var. sutepensis Cockerell, C. lepida var. sublepida Cockerell.; In addition, a specific-level cladistic analysis of Ceratinidia species is presented. One hundred and twenty characters of adult external morphology are identified and coded for 31 species, along with 5 outgroup taxa. The resulting topology (from the use of 84 out of 120 characters) is used in the formation of a species-group classification of the subgenus. Five species-groups are recognized: tropica, bryanti, flavipes, accusator, and compacta. Two Ceratina subgenera previously not included in Ceratinidia, Lioceratina and Xanthoceratina, are placed under the accusator species-group, but the species formerly placed in these subgenera are not treated in detail. The geographical distribution and dispersal of Ceratinidia species are discussed herein.