Implementation of New Scheme on Indian Power System for Distance Relay Operation in Zone 3 to Avoid Power System Blackout

摘要

In July 2012 there was blackout in India.As the result of this disturbance there were two blackouts.In first blackout only the Northern Grid was affected but in the second blackout Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern grid collapsed.A committee formed by the government analyzed the events that resulted in the collapse of system and pointed out no of factors that.lead to disturbance.Whole grid collapsed under load encroachment condition.In this thesis different factors have been analyzed using PSCAD simulation and solutions have been proposed.Approximate model of Indian power system has been developed in PSCAD using approximate parameters given in Grid Failure Report issued by the Indian government.Increase in installed capacity of power system and its impact on system frequency and rotor angle has been studied.A new algorithm has been proposed for distance relay operation in Zone 3 to avoid power system blackout using Indian grid model.One of the main factors that lead to the collapse of whole system was the operation of zone 3 distance relay on 400kV Bina-Gwalior Line.This scheme will improve system stability under heavy load conditions.A simplified model in PSCAD was established in order to study the zone 3 protection of distance relay.

目录

声明

Abstract

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapter 1 Introduction of Indian Power System Blackout

1．1 Introduction

1．2 Approximate Model of Indian Grid

1．3 Power Flow during Grid Disturbance

1．4 Analysis of the grid disturbance on and Blackout

1．4．1 Depletion of Power Transmission Network

1．4．2 Frequency Control of System

1．4．3 Load management on Gwalior-Bina Line

1．4．4 Flaws in Protection Schemes

Chapter 2 Study of System under Different Cases and Solutions

2．1 Case I：Improvement in system frequency and rotor angle change because of change of Power generation in Northern Grid

2．1．1 Installed capacity of Northern，Eastern and Western Regions

2．1．2 Pre-Disturbance Conditions of Northern，Eastern and Western Regions

2．1．3 Grid Frequency Prior to Disturbance

2．1．4 Improvement in system frequency because of change of Power generation in Northern Grid

2．2 Case 2：Increase in Northern region thermal generation and rotor angle disturbance

2．2．1 Northern region Rotor angle at 100％thermal capacity

2．2．2 Northern Region Rotor angle at 115％thermal capacity

2．2．3 Northern Region Rotor angle at 130％thermal capacity

2．3 CaseⅡ

2．3．1 Grid Frequency Prior to Disturbance

2．3．2 Improvement in system frequency because of change of Wind Generation in Western Grid

2．3．3 Change in rotor angle because of change of Wind Generation in Western Grid

2．4 Case Ⅲ Tripping of Gwalior-Bina Line and System Blackout

2．5 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Zone Three Protection

3．1 Distance relay setting of northern region and western region line

3．2 Power Swing Detection Algorithm

3．2．1 System Operation under Normal Conditions

3．2．2 System Operation under Power Swing

3．3 Simulation Results Under Normal Conditions and Power Swing

3．4 Synchronous Fault Detection Algorithm

3．4．1 Parameters in Algorithm

3．5 Simulation Results

3．6 Asynchronous Fault Detection Algorithm

3．7 Simulation Results

3．7．4 Voltage waveform from 1．0-3．0

3．7．5 Current waveform from 1．0-3．0

3．8 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Advance Scheme to Avoid Blackout

4．1 Power Swing Detection Algorithm

4．2 Simulation Results

4．2．1 VCosfi＜5％*Vn for t＜0．1 sec

4．2．2 K2*I1> |I0+I2|

4．3 Three Phase Fault Detection Algorithm

4．3 Simulation Results

4．3．1 5％*Vn>VnCosfi for t＞0．5 sec

4．3．2 K2*I1> |I0+I2|

4．4 Unbalanced Fault Detection Algorithm

4．4 Simulation Results

4．5．1|I0+I2| ＞K1*I1

Chapter 5 Other factors of blackout and Solutions

5．1 Causes

5．1．1 High loading

5．1．2 Poor load shedding techniques

5．1．3 Relays settings specifically zone 3

5．2 Solutions

5．2．1 System should include more generation capacity

5．2．2 Reactive Power Compensation

5．2．3 Efficient load shedding

5．2．4 Relay settings of zone 3

5．2．5 Frequency control through generation reserves

5．2．6 Development of Intra-State transmission system

5．2．7 Startup time for generators

5．2．8 Total transfer capability of system based on changing conditions of system

5．2．9 Implementation of Special Protection System(SPS)

5．2．10 ynchrophasor based measurements from PMUs should be used for protection systems

5．3 Conclusion

References