小经济体工业化的动态研究：以喀麦隆为例

摘要

这项题为“小经济体工业化的动态研究:以喀麦隆为例”的研究深入分析了发展中国家的小经济体在进行工业化活动中的所需要考虑的促进力量。
　　工业化是一个国家经济发展的基础。工业积极推动了了英国、美国、日本等发达国家以及亚洲四小龙和金砖国家（即:巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非）等发展中经济体的经济发展。工业被认为是增长的弹射器，因为它不仅可以增加收入和提供就业，而且能够促进某一经济体的国内生产总值的增长。由于工业还可以深刻影响一个国家经济的其他行业，如农业和服务业等，因此，对于小型经济体来说，似乎极为重要，如同新兴和先进国家在过去几十年或几个世纪所做的那样，它们可以迈入真正的工业化黄金时代。喀麦隆作为一个小型和发展中的经济体更加关注其工业化，因为它在工业发展的道路上已经有令人震惊的步伐。
　　通过深入研讨工业化的主要理论之后，本文分析了喀麦隆的基本情况，喀麦隆是一个拥有丰富自然资源的国家，比如农业、矿产和森林等资源。国家大部分的资源尚未开发，是其工业化的一个重要要素。本文还基于其它的生产要素，如劳动力、资本和科技等进行探讨，因为它们对工业发展的贡献至关重要。本文阐述了从20世纪到今天喀麦隆的工业化过程，目前政府正在编辑一个新的工业总计划。但是，目前喀麦隆工业主要由两类行业组成:农产品加工业和采矿业。由于采矿业没有显著的发展，国家的制造业的特点主要是农产品加工业。因而，通过仔细研究喀麦隆的农产品加工业有助于促进发展中国家的小经济体资源型工业化有关研究领的发展。为了达到本项研究的目标，本文分析了一级数据和二级数据。
　　以喀麦隆作为小经济体为例，本研究分析了自1960年其独立以来的工业发展以及基于农产品加工发展对其工业化前景的影响。由于农产品加工业对整个工业的重要性，该研究更多地关注喀麦隆的农产品加工业。此外，与其它行业如采矿业相比，它或多或少是绿色工业化的。该研究将农产品加工业分为六个主要制造业（子行业）:饮料工业，食品加工业（包括所有食品），橡胶加工业（包括橡胶制品），纺织加工业（包括皮革和皮革制品，服装，纺织纱线及相关产品），烟草加工业（包括相关烟草制品）和木材加工业（包括木制品如木制品，纸制品，家具，软木，纸张和印刷）。
　　对喀麦隆农产品加工的分析考虑了生产工厂的所有权、资本来源、生产要素来源、科技与技术来源以及最终产品的出口份额。这项对农产品加工的研究表明，食品加工业占主导地位。农产品加工行业涉及到双重性分析因有当地本地和外国资本。该行业雇佣很多人。研究表明一些差异在资本化、制造企业规模、出口产品目的地与份额以及技术来源等。研究也审查了喀麦隆农产品加工技术科技的来源。收集的数据说明了喀麦隆农产品加工业企业在本地开发技术的限定能力。在喀麦隆农产品加工中，技术创新非常有限。研究结论提出了针对可以引进有吸引力的产业政策的具体意见。为了推出刺激更加动态的工业化的目标，可以通过一个更加强化的创新体系来实现，这种体系将把农产品加工放在最受关注的位置。
　　本研究通过经验证据证明了喀麦隆农产品加工可以为其工业化动态发展提供一个重要的支柱。喀麦隆被认为是一个拥有丰富自然资源的国家，但仍然看到其大多数的资源尚未加工或者尚未增加任何附加值就出口了。本论文推荐以促进农产品加工行业，从而使喀麦隆的整个产业更具有生产力和活力的政策。本研究的结论提出以下主要建议:工业政策应鼓励在本地技术的发展、推出更多的激励措施以吸引更多的外国资本、对原材料出口施加限制。政府应鼓励创造更多加工业。“喀麦隆制造”将被大多数的人认知。

目录

声明

摘要

Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

Map of the Republic of Cameroon

Chapter 1：Introduction

1．1 Context of this Research

1．2 Justification for the Proposed Research

1．3 Research Question

1．4 Structure of the Thesis

Chapter 2：Literature Review

2．0 Introduction

2．1 Industrialization

2．1．1 Concept of Industrialization

2．1．2 Conditions for Industrialization

2．2 Review of some works in Development Economics

2．2．1 Political Economy of Development

2．2．2 Neo-Classicalism and Structuralism

2．2．3 Structuralist School

2．2．4 Neo-Classical School

2．3 International Trade and Industrialization Theories

2．3．1 Comparative Advantage

2．3．2 Heckscher-Ohlin Model

2．3．3 Porter Trade and Industrialization Theory

2．3．4 Product Cycle Theory

2．3．5 Import Substitution and Export-Orientation

2．3．6 Foreign Direct Investment and Value Chains

2．3．7 Globalization

2．3．8 Role of the Government

2．4 Resource Based Industrialization

2．5 Green Industrialization and Agricultural Led Industrialization

2．6 Technology

2．6．1 Generalities about Technology

2．6．2 Technology and Industrialization

2．6．3 Technology Transfer

2．6．4 Technology Lending

2．7 Some Successful Cases of Small Economy Industrialization

2．8 Conclusion

Chapter 3：General Overview of the Economy of Cameroon

3．1 General Information

3．1．1 Location

3．1．2 Brief History

3．1．3 Geography

3．1．4 Languages

3．1．5 Population

3．2 Economy during the Foreign Occupation

3．2．1 Economy under the German Occupation

3．2．2 Economy under the British Occupation

3．2．3 Economy under the French Occupation

3．3 Economy after the Independence

3．3．1 Economic Flourishing Era(1963-1986)

3．3．2 Recession Period(1987-93)

3．3．3 Post-devaluation Era(between 1994 to early 2000)

3．3．4 Economic Restructural Programs

3．4 Macroeconomic Environment

3．4．1 Monetary System

3．4．2 Inward Foreign Direct Investment

3．4．3 Organization and Competition in the Market

3．5 Cameroon National Development Strategy

3．6 Cameroon Present Economic Development Opportunities and Threads

3．7 Conclusion

Chapter 4：Industrialization of Cameroon

4．1 Brief Overview of the Industrialization in Africa

4．1．1 Industrialization Challenges of African countries

4．1．2 Common Industrial Models in Africa

4．2 Cameroon Industrialization Policies

4．2．1 Institutional Framework

4．2．2 Legal and Regulatory Framework

4．2．3 Evolution of Cameroon’s Industrialization Policies

4．3 Industrialization Development Strategies for Cameroon

4．3．1 Industrialization by Import Substitution Strategy

4．3．2 Industrialization by Exports Substitution Strategy

4．3．3 Industrializing Industries Strategy

4．3．4 Attraction of Foreign Direct Investments Strategy

4．3．5 Vertical Diversification Strategy

4．3．6 Industrial Clusters Strategy

4．3．7 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Strategy

4．3．8 Moving toward Good Governance

4．4 Conditions or Determinants for the Industrialization of Cameroon

4．4．1 Technology

4．4．2 Human Capital

4．4．3 Natural Resources

4．4．4 Infrastructure

4．4．5 Capital

4．5 Industry of Cameroon

4．6 Conclusion

Chapter 5：China and the Industrialization of Cameroon

5．2 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation

5．2．1 Framework and Aims

5．2．2 FOCAC and the Industrialization of Africa

5．3 One Belt，One Road Initiative

5．4 China’s Involvement in the Cameroonian Economy

5．4．1 History of Cameroon and China Bilateral Relationship

5．4．2 Development Projects of China in Cameroon

5．5 China’s Impact on the Cameroonian Industrial Production

5．5．1 Financial Involvement

5．5．2 Technology transfer Assistance

5．5．3 Private Sector Assistance

5．5．4 Huge Foreign Market

5．6 Conclusion

Chapter 6：Research Questions and Methodology

6．1 Introduction

6．2 Methodology

6．2．1 Objectives of the Research and the Research Questions

6．2．2 Positive Epistemology Approach

6．2．3 Triangulation Approach

6．2．4 Global Value Chain Methodology

6．3 Research Context

6．4 Data

6．4．1 Study Population and the Definition of Data

6．4．2 Research Issues：Ethical issues and the Reliability of Data

6．4．3 Secondary Data

6．4．4 Primary Data

6．5 Statistical Techniques

6．6 Issues in the Analysis of Statistical Data

6．7 Weaknesses in Research Approaches

6．8 Conclusion

Chapter 7：Presentation of Results and Analysis FrameworK

7．1 Introduction

7．2．2 Value of the Agro-industry Sector Production

7．2．3 International Trade of Agro-industrial Products

7．3 Classification of Agro-Industries

7．4 Results and Analysis of the Secondary Data

7．4．1 Proprietorship of the Enterprises

7．4．2 Source of Foreign Capital (FDI)

7．4．3 Date of Establishment of the Enterprises

7．4．4 Capitalization of each Sub-industry

7．4．5 Employment in the Agro-industry

7．4．6 The Size of the Enterprises

7．4．7：Number of Export Enterprises

7．4．8 Exports Destinations of Cameroonian Agro-industries

7．4．9 Presence in Industrial Zone (Cluster formation)

7．5 Results and Analysis of the Primary Data

7．5．1 On the Ownership of the Agro-manufacturing Enterprises

7．5．2 On the Main Source of Foreign Capital

7．5．3 On the Size of the Enterprises

7．5．4 On the Share of the Production Exported

7．5．5 Exports Destinations

7．5．6 On the Source of Raw Material

7．5．7 On the Source of Manufacturing Machinery and Equipment

7．5．8 On the Source of Technology

7．5．9 On the ranking of Technology Sources

7．5．10 On the Technical Assistance

7．6．Conclusion

Chapter 8：Analysis of Results and Summary of Findings

8．1 Introduction

8．2．1 Value Chain Selection

8．2．2 Value Chain Design

8．2．3 Quantification of the Value Chain

8．2．4 Analysis of the Value Chain Performance

8．2．5 Risks

8．2．6 Opportunities

8．3 Statistical Analysis and Findings

8．3．1 Structure

8．3．2 Exportations

8．3．3 Exports Destinations

8．3．4 Technology Transfer

8．4 Conclusions

Chapter 9：Discussion and Conclusions

9．1 Introduction

9．2 Political Economy Context

9．3 Development Policy Issues

9．3．1 International Trade Theory

9．3．2 Porter Model of Trade and Industrialization

9．3．3 Balanced Growth Model

9．3．4 Foreign Direct Investment

9．3．5 Globalization

9．4 Policy Implications

9．4．1 The Political Imperative

9．4．2 Policy towards Foreign Investment

9．5 Limitations of the Study

9．6 Further Research

9．6．1 Extensive Analysis of the Capital and Labor ratio

9．6．2 Additional Analysis of Data

9．6．3 Industrial Products Sector

9．6．4 Research Into Export Markets

9．6．5 Comparative Studies

References

Annex

APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

个人简历 在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果