声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1．1． Background of study
1．1．1．Distribution of Gm crops in developed and developing countries
1．1．2．Current status of biotevh crops in Africa
1．1．3．West African Agricultural Policies in retrospect
1．2． Problem Statement
1．3． Research Questions
1．4． Objectives of the research
1．5． Significance of the study
1．7 Proposed structure of the research
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2．1．A Governance Change-mutual problems requires mutual actions
2．2．Integrative Approach
2．3．Policy Convergence and Diffusion of Policies
2．3．1．Policy Convergence
2．3．2．Diffusion of Policies
2．4．Supranational entities as information and innovation structures hubs and networks
2．5．Different Reaction of Convergence Explained
2．6 Hierarchical longitudinal convergence analysis
CHAPTER THREE THEORETlCAL FRAMEWORK
3．1．Convergence studies-norms，limitations and methodological problems
3．2．Conceptual Framework
3．2．2．Perceived Transnational or International Harmonization
3．2．3．Perceived Transnational or Multinational Communication
3．2．4．Perceived Regulatory Competition
3．2．5．Other Perceived Domestic factors
3．3．Measurement of convergence
3．4．Hypotheses Development
3．5．Conclusion
CHAPTER FOUR METHODOLOGY
4．2． Data Selection Criteria
4．2．1．Research Population and Sampling Method
4．2．2．Research Instrument
4．2．3 Data collection，procedure and storage
4．3． Measurement of Variables
4．3．2．Perceived Transnational Communlcation
4．3．5．Control Variables
4．4． Data Preparation and Quality Assurance
4．4．1．Data collation and Presentation
4．4．2．Data analysis techniques
4．5． The science of Regression Analysis
4．5．1．Evaluation of Multiple Linear Regression in RStudio
4．6． Data quality and expected limitations
4．7． Ethical consideration
4．8． Chapter Summary
CHAPTER FIVE DATA ANALYSIS
5．2．1．Demographic characteristics of the sample
5．2．2．Multicollinearity
5．3． Descriptive results of multi-item concepts
5．3．1．Reliability and validity
5．3．2 Discriminant Analysis
5．4． Correlation analysis
5．5． Multiple linear regression analysis
5．6． Evaluating the Quality of the Model
5．7． Model Diagnostics
5．7．2．Q-Q Plots
5．7．3．Scale-Location
5．7．4．Residuals vs Leverage
CHAPTER SIX DISCUSSION
6．2 Perceived Transnational communication
6．3 Perceived Regulatory competition
6．4 Perceived Domestic factors
CHAPTER SEVEN STUDYING BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY CONVERGENCE IN THE ECOWAS
7．1．1 Development in Africa：The pursuit of happiness?
7．1．2 Is regional integration in Africa necessary?
7．1．3 Sustainable Research and Development：Cooperation in Science，Technology and Energy
7．2 The biotechnology contention in the region
7．2．1 Conceptualizing the role of the SNOs in Biosafety regulation processes
7．3 Feedback from the organizations and Stakeholders
7．4 Clash of the titans：the comparisons and dissimilarities between the four organisations
7．4．2 New Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD) and African Union(AU)
7．5 Chapter Conclusion
CHAPTER EIGHT SUMMARY，CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8．1． Considering multiple mechanisms and Policy Implication for Policymakers and Stakeholders
8．2 The test of diffusion of policy in the ECOWAS
8．2． Academic Contribution of the Research
8．4． Limitation of the Study
8．5． Recommendation for future research
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PUBUCATIONS RELATED TO THIS RESEARCH
中国科学技术大学;
