分簇无线传感器网络寿命与能量空洞的理论分析

摘要

无线传感器网络经常按照丛集式部署，这种铺设方案具有通信效率高和扩展性强等优点。然而，由于丛集部署的协议复杂度高，其理论分析和优化改进仍然是一个难题。本文主要对比研究了四种不同协议下的性能表现，它们分别是LEACH(低能量自适应分簇路由协议)、MLEACH(多反射自适应分簇路由协议)、HEED(混合节能分布分簇路由协议)和UCR(非均等集群分簇路由协议)。
　　本文是第一次讨论关于第一个节点死亡时间(FDT)和所有节点死亡时间（ADT）的最大化问题，同时也探讨了使得网络寿命最长的相关参数的优化问题，运用相关数学理论和方法分析不同区域的节点的能量消耗情况。本文推导出了使得网络寿命最长的相关参数的最优值和不同区域的节点的能量消耗分布情况。此外，我们还建立了时间和空间的演化网络，从一个稳定状态（没有任何死亡）到一个不稳定状态（有一些死亡的节点）和最后的死亡状态（所有节点模）。通过此模型能够确定在给定的任一时间和位置处的网络运行状态。
　　为了检验结果的准确性，通过OMnet++平台，做了大量的仿真实验。结果表明，理论分析与实验测试的结果误差在允许的范围内。因此，我们有很大的把握认为结论是正确的，是能够用来指导网络传感器的部署和优化丛集式网络的。

目录

摘要

声明

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER ONE：INTRODUCTION

1．1 Research Background and Significance

1．2 Problem Statement

1．3 Related Work on Network Life and Energy Hole

1．3 Organization of the Thesis

CHAPTER 2：NETWORK MODEL，ENERGY MODEL AND DATA COLLECTION MODE OF CLUSTER BASED NETWORK

2．1 Network Model

2．2 Energy Consumption Model and Related Definitions

2．3 Working and Data Collecting Mode of Cluster Based Network

CHAPTER THREE：ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CLUSTER BASED NETWORK PERFORMANCE

3．1 Data Amount and Energy Consumption of Nodes in LEACH

3．1．1 Energy Consumption of Vi to Send Data to the Sink as a Common Node

3．1．2 The probability for Vi to send data to the sink or to the cluster head

3．2 Analysis of the Energy Hole in LEACH

3．2．1 Calculation of FDT and ADT in LEACH

3．3．Calculation of Energy Utilization in LEACH

3．4．Data Amount and Energy Consumption of Nodes in MLEACH

3．5．Analysis of the E nergy Hole in MLEACH

3．5．1 Calculation of the FDT in MLEACH

3．5．2 Analysis of the ADT in MLEACH

3．5．3 Calculation of Energy Utilization at FDT in MLEACH

3．6．ADT，FDT，and Energy Hole in HEED

3．7 Calculation of the Energy Utilization in HEED

3．8 Analysis and Optimization of UCR Cluster Based Network Performance

3．8．1 Analysis of the data transmission mode in energy hole

3．8．2 Analysis of the cluster radius of UCR

3．8．3 Analysis of the network lifetime and energy hole of UCR

CHAPTR FOUR：ANALYSIS OF SIMULATION RESULTS

4．1 Energy Consumption under Different Node Densities

4．2 Energy Consumption and Lifetime of the Four Protocols under Different Cluster Radius

4．3 Energy Consumption and Lifetime of the Four Protocols under Different Network Scale

4．4 Energy Utilization of the Four Protocols

4．5 Analysis of Nodes’ Death and the Energy Hole

4．6 Canonical Scenario for Network Parameter Optimization and Energy Hole Avoid

CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PUBLISHED PAPERS