文摘
英文文摘
论文说明：LIST OF TABLES、LIST OF FIGURES
声明
THESIS RELEASE CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
1.1.1 Sources and Occurrence of PAHs
1.1.2 Properties of PAHs
1.1.3 PAHs in soil
1.1.4 PAHs risks to ecosystems
1.1.4 Biodegradation of PAHs
1.2 Fate of organic contaminant in soil
1.3 Bioavailability
1.3.1 Bioavailability and soil properties
1.3.2 Bioavailability and organism-specificity
1.4Problems associated with assessing organic contaminants in soil
1.4.1 The variety of methods of assessment
1.4.2 Receptor related bioavailability
1.4.3 The heterogeneous nature of soil contamination
1.5 Methods of assessment
1.5.1 Total extractability
1.5.2 Bioassays for bioavailability assessment
1.5.3 Chemical assays/non-exhaustive extraction techniques for bioavailability assessment
1.6 Biomarkers for toxicity assessment
1.6.1 Comet assay (earthworm DNA damage)
1.6.2 Use of bioluminescent bacteria bioassay (microtox) for ecotoxicity assessment
1.6.3 Phytotoxicity assays
1.7 Aims, strategies and overview of the present study
1.7.1 Aims of the study
1.7.2 Stepwise approaches/strategies to accomplish the intended objectives
1.7.3 An overview of the whole study
CHAPTER 2 ASSESSMENT OF PHENANTHRENE BIOAVAILABILITY IN AGED AND UNAGED SOILS BY MILD EXTRACTION
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Chemicals
2.2.2 Soil collection and preparation
2.2.3 Soil spiking and storage
2.2.4 Accumulation of phenanthrene by earthworms
2.2.5 Organic solvents extraction
2.2.6 Mild HPCD extraction
2.2.7 HPLC analysis
2.2.8 Data analysis
2.3 Results and discussion
2.3.1 Earthworm uptake of phenanthrene under different aging times
2.3.2 Mild HPCD extraction
2.3.3 Organic solvents extraction
2.3.4 Relationship between biological and chemical availability of phenanthrene in soil
2.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT OF PYRENE BIOAVAILABILITY IN AGED AND UNAGED SOILS BY MILD EXTRACTION
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 Chemicals
3.2.2 Soil collection and preparation
3.2.3 Soil spiking and storage
3.2.4 Accumulation of pyrene by earthworms
3.2.5 Organic solvents extraction
3.2.6 Mild HPCD extraction
3.2.7 HPLC analysis
3.2.8 Data analysis
3.3 Results and discussion
3.3.1 Earthworm uptake of pyrene under different aging times
3.3.2 Mild HPCD extraction
3.3.3 Chemical exhaustive and mild organic solvents extraction
3.3.4 Relationship between biological and chemical availability of pyrene in soil
3.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 ECOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF PAHs IN SOIL BY USING A BATTERY OF BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Chemicals
4.2.2 Soil
4.2.3 Soil spiking and storage
4.2.4 Animal treatment
4.2.5 Earthworm mortality Bioassay
4.2.6 Comet assay (Eiseniafetida DNA damage)
4.2.7 Luminescent Bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) Bioassay (Microtox)
4.2.8 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Acute Toxicity Bioassays
4.3.2 Genotoxicity Bioassay
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 EVALUATION OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF PAHs ON PLANTS BY USING PHYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Chemicals
5.2.2 Soil
5.2.3 Experimental design
5.2.4 Statistical analysis
5.3 Results and discussion
5.3.1 Seed germination assay
5.3.2 Plant growth bioassays
5.3.3 Ten days bioassays
5.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Future Recommendations
CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES
RESUME
