文化话语视角下由整容看中国女性的生存困境

摘要

今天，在中国越来越多不同年龄层和从事不同工作的女性整容。面对这一文化社会现象，一部分人认为这是一个美丽自己做主的年代，身体是自己的，整容是女性的主动选择;另一部分人认为女性选择整容是被动的，是为了对抗现实中的不平等的。那么，整容女性的生存状况究竟是怎么样的呢？本文通过将女性整容作为一个话语事件，运用文化话语的分析方法，呈现了女性在男权文化和消费文化的双重规训下的生存困境。
　　具体来说，为了更全面和客观的呈现女性整容下的生存状况，首先本文收集了来自新闻，网上在线调查，论坛和古典文献等媒介的素材来呈现女性整容事件中不同主体的声音，主要包括女性的声音，男性的声音以及整容医院的声音。其次，运用法国哲学家福柯的话语理论和文化话语研究方法探索了女性整容话语事件中的说话者，内容，形式，媒介和结果。
　　通过对女性整容事件的话语分析，可以发现在男权文化和消费文化的规训下，女性处于失语状态和丧失了审美的主体性地位，以自己的身体为敌，遭受着来自主流话语的审美暴力。同时在美貌是资本这一知识的规训下，女性的生存空间被缩小，能力和品质被忽略。但是，女性可以审视话语，学会关爱自己，倾听内心的声音，通过自我的技术来建立属于自己的生存美学，挣脱生存困境。

目录

声明

Acknowledgement

摘要

Abstract

Contents

1．Introduction

1．1 Baekground of the Study

1．2 Originality and Significance

1．3 Research Questions and Aims

2．Literature Review

2．1 Female Living and Body Studies

2．1．1 Female Living and Body Studies in the West

2．1．2 Female Living and Body Studies in China

2．2 Female Face-lifting Studies

2．2．1 Female Face-lifting Studies in the West

2．2．2 Female Face-lifting Studies in China

2．4 Limitations of the Researches

3．Theoretical Framework

3．1 Defining Discourse

3．1．1 Linguistic-oriented Definition of Discourse

3．1．2 Social-oriented Definition of Discourse

3．1．3 Linguistically-socially Oriented Definition of Discourse

3．2 Diseourse Studies

3．2．1 Western Discourse Studies

3．2．2 Chinese Discourse Studies

4．Research Methodology

4．1 Cultural Discourse Studies

4．1．1 The Definition of Discourse in Cultural Discourse Studies

4．1．2 The Academic Backgrounds of Cultural Discourse Studies

4．1．3 The Analytic Paradigm of Cultural Discourse Studies

4．2 Foucault’s Theories of Discourse Analysis

5．Data Collection and Data Analysis

5．1 Data and Analysis about Ancient Women

5．1．1 Data about the Appearance and Body of Ancient Women

5．1．2 Data Analysis about the Appearance and Body of Ancient Women

5．2 Data and Analysis about Modern Women

5．2．1 Data about Modern Women Involved in the Plastic Surgery Event

5．2．2 Data Analysis about Modern Women Involved in the Plastic Surgery Event

5．3 Data and Analysis about Modern Men

5．3．1 Data about the Male’s Attitude about Female Plastic Surgery

5．3．2 Data Analysis about the Male’s Attitude about Female Plastic Surgery

5．4 Data and Analysis about Plastic Surgery Hospital

5．4．1 Data about the Voice of Plastic Surgery Hospital

5．4．2 Data Analysis about the Voice of Plastic Surgery Hospital

6．Diseussion

6．1 The Speakers of the Discourse

6．1．1 Specific Speakers

6．1．2 Abstract Speakers

6．2 The Contents of the Discourse

6．2．1 Beauty-a Form of Capital

6．2．2 Plastic Surgery-an Expression of Personality and Lifestyle

6．3 The Forms of the Discourse

6．3．1 The Form of Family Education

6．3．2 The Form of Social Education

6．3．3 The Form of Personal Internalization

6．4 The Media of the Discourse

6．4．1 The Effects of Traditional Media and New Media

6．4．2 The Effect of Ad

6．5 The Results of the Discourse

6．5．1 The “Aphasia’’ of the Female

6．5．2 The Sufferer of Aesthetic Violence

6．5．3 The Materialization of the Female

6．5．4 Tense Relations between Men and Women

6．6 Solutions to Female Living Difficulty

7．Conclusion

7．1 Findings

7．2 Implications

7．3 Limitations

Refefences

Appendix