声明
摘要
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Previous Studies on Conceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Thinking
1.2 Thesis Motivation and Significance
1.3 Research Methodology and Data Collection
1.4 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Conceptual Metaphor in Relation to Metaphorical Thinking
2.1 Metaphor and Conceptual Metaphor(CM)
2.1.1 Metaphor as a Literary Approach
2.1.2 Conceptual Metaphor as a Cognitive Approach
2.1.3 The Classification of Conceptual Metaphor
2.2 Lakoff’s Cross-domain Mapping Theory
2.3 Definition and Characteristics of Metaphorical Thinking(MT)
2.3.1 Universality and Experience-Based
2.3.2 Creativity
2.3.3 Imageability
2.3.4 Culture Dependency
2.4 CM Related to Thinking and Culture
2.4.1 CM as a Way of Thinking
2.4.2 CM as a Reflection of Culture on Language
2.4.3 Culture as a Determinant of Thinking
Chapter 3 Metaphorical Expressions in Terms of CM in Will and Grace
3.1 Orientational Metaphor
3.2 Ontological Metaphor
3.2.1 Entity and Substance Metaphor
3.2.2 Container Metaphor
3.2.3 Personification
3.3 Structural Metaphor
3.4 Novel Metaphor
Chapter 4 Metaphorical Thinking(MT)Rooted in Culture
4.1 MT Reflecting Geographical Environment
4.2 MT Reflecting Capitalism Notion
4.2.1 Money-Worship
4.2.2 Market Economy
4.2.3 Modern Industry,Science and Technology
4.2.4 Service Industry and People’s Living Style
4.3 MT Reflecting Social Conventions
4.3.1 Negotiation Culture
4.3.2 Sexual Orientation
4.3.3 Modern Civilization
4.3.4 Fashion Culture
4.4 MT Reflecting Spiritual Life
4.4.1 Christianity and Literature
4.4.2 Notions of Time and Space
4.4.3 Beliefs and Values
4.4.4 Norms and Customs
Chapter 5 Conclusion
5.1 Research Findings
5.2 Limitations and suggestions for future study
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Appendix