狄奥尼索斯：永远的悲剧主角——对酒神狄奥尼索斯的美学及文学阐释

摘要

酒神，一向是西方艺术的最根本的永恒原型。悲剧艺术无论就其根源还是就其性质而言，都是一种酒神艺术，其根本的精神乃是一种酒神精神。尼采认为，希腊悲剧的主角一直是酒神，他们都是酒神的面具。而悲剧是肯定生命的最高艺术形式。悲剧之所以拥有永恒的感人魅力，是因为酒神艺术是个体化原理崩溃之时从人的最内在基础即天性中生起的充满幸福的狂喜，是小生命在毁灭时沉入宇宙大生命的沉醉状态。悲剧主角，尽管遭到否定和毁灭，但它毕竟只是现象，他的毁灭丝毫无损于意志的永恒生命。本论文主要以尼采美学观点为理论依据，从美学角度对酒神精神进行阐释。并从酒神精神出发，试图解开悲剧之迷。同时用酒神原型对几部文学作品中的悲剧主人公进行剖析，试图从不同侧面阐明其酒神性格与其悲剧命运之间的关系。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

Acknowledgement

Introduction

Chapter 1 Tragedy: ADionysus Art Form

1.1 Nietzsche and His The Birth of Tragedy

1.1.1 His Aesthetic Thoughts

1.1.2 The Purpose of This Book

1.1.3 Two Elementary Categories

1.2 Function of Tragedy: Metaphysical Consolation

1.3 Foundation of Tragedy: Dionysus

1.3.1 Music: Dionysian at Heart

1.3.2 Notion of Compensation

1.3.3 Dionysian State: The State of Literary Creation

1.3.4 Historical Origin of Tragedy: Dithyramb

Chapter 2 Tragic Hero: The Destroyed in Transcendence

2.1 Transcendence: Subjective Root of Individual Tragedy

2.2 Literary Archetype of a Transcending Hero: Samson

2.2.1 Samson Agonistes: The Contestant by Name

2.2.2 Samson in Despair: A Fettered Dionysus

2.2.3 Spiritual Blindness

2.2.4 Transcendence over His Own Enemy: Despair

Chapter 3 Tragedy of an Everyman

3.1 Tragicalness: Nature of Life

3.2 Dream and Drunkenness

3.3 Literary Archetype of a Tragic Everyman:Jude

3.3.1 An Obscure Everyman

3.3.2 Drunken Dionysus with Apollinian Dreams

3.3.3 Prowler between Dream and Drunkenness

3.3.4 Tragedy of an Idealist

Chapter 4 Tragic Spirit: Dionysian Spirit In Essence

4.1 Two Different Theories on the Essence of Tragedy

4.1.1 Schopenhauer's Pessimistic Philosophy on Life

4.1.2Nietzsche'sDionysianVindication

4.2 Key Note of Dionysian Spirit

4.3 Sense of Vitality in Dionysian Spirit

4.3.1 Triumph of Spirit in the Defeat of Body

4.3.2 Thriving Vitality in Man's Combat with His Destiny

4.4 Literary Archetype of the Consummate Embodiment of Dionysian Spirit: Santiago

4.4.1 Dionysus: Man of Dignity

4.4.2 Man's Eternal Values

4.4.3 Summit State of Dionysian Spirit

Chapter 5 Tragic Values in a Negative Character

5.1 The Good-Evil and the Beautiful-Ugly in Tragic Transcendence

5.1.1 Tragic Character: A Neutral Concept

5.1.2 Good and Evil in Tragedy

5.1.3 Beauty and Ugliness in Tragedy

5.2 Aesthetic Values in Tragic Transcendence

5.2.1 Aesthetic Significance of a Tragic Subject

5.2.2 Aesthetic Significance of Negative Tragic Characters

5.3 Literary Archetype of a Negative Tragic Hero: Sutpen

5.3.1 Scoundrel Hero: Unrestrained Dionysus

5.3.2 Devilish Misdeeds Done by a Destructive Dionysus

5.3.3 Satyr: Trinity of Human, God and Beast

Conclusion

Works Cited

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