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AKNOWLEGEMENTS
INTRUDUCTION
CHAPTER Ⅰ SOMETHING ON RU LIN WAI SHI AND ITS TRANSLATION
1.1 The Writer and the Story
1.2 Its Dissemination and Translation in other Countries
1.3 The Translators of The Scholars and Their Translating Thoughts
1.4 The Study of The Scholars in China
CHAPTER Ⅱ IDIOMS AS USED IN THE SCHOLARS
2.1 Definition and Classification of Idioms
2.2 Origins of Idioms
2.3 Typical Features of Idioms
2.3.1 Idiom is an Important Means of Rhetoric
2.3.2 Idioms are Independent, Stable but Irregular
2.4. Cultural Differences and Similarities between Chinese Idioms and English Idioms
2.4.1 Cultural Differences
2.4.2 Cultural Similarities
2.5 Significance of Chinese Idioms in Ru Lin Wai Shi
2.6 Methods Adopted in Idiom Translation
2.6.1 Literal Translation
2.6.2 Free Translation
2.6.3 Literal Translation combined with Free Translation
2.6.4 Using Synonymous Idioms
2.6.5 Literal Translation with a Note
2.6.6 Amplification or Omission
CHAPTER Ⅲ LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND TRANSLTION
3.1 Definition of Culture
3.2 Language and Culture
3.3 Translation
3.3.1 Definition of Translation
3.3.2 Principles of Translation
3.4 Approaches to the Transfer of Culture
3.4.1 Translation, Language and Culture
3.4.2 Strategies of Translation
3.4.3 Determining Factors in the Choice of Strategies
CHAPTER Ⅳ TRANSLATING THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CHINESE IDIOMS IN THE SCHOLARS
4.1 Chinese Set Phrases(成语)
4.2 Allusions(典故)
4.3 Proverbs(谚语)
4.4 Common Sayings(俗语)
4.5 Slang(俚语)
4.5.1 Euphemisms
4.5.2 Vulgar Expressions
4.6. Chinese Two-part Sayings(歇后语)
4.6.1 Figurative Two-part Allegorical Sayings
4.6.2 Pun-featured Two-part Sayings
CHAPTER Ⅴ PITFALLS OF THE YANGS' TRANSLATION
5.1 Over-foreignization
5.2 Over-domestication
5.3 Pitfalls Caused by Negligence and Misunderstanding
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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