英汉外交话语中的概念隐喻研究

摘要

概念隐喻研究一直是语言学家关注的焦点。莱考夫近年来对美国当代政治中的隐喻做了一些分析，如有关战争的隐喻、有关恐怖主义的隐喻，外交辞令中的隐喻等。然而外交话语中的概念隐喻未形成一定的系统，仍有许多问题值得我们去研究。 本文采用例证和对比分析的方法对外交谈判中的概念隐喻进行分析。首先对隐喻，概念隐喻，外交和外交谈判的概念进行归纳作为本论文的理论基础。接着对六方会谈中英语和汉语的概念隐喻进行对比分析，从六方会谈英汉概念隐喻的分析中得出英汉会谈中概念隐喻的异同。最后再从文化的角度来寻找这些异同的原因，目的在于证实概念隐喻的民族性，即由于文化的差异，导致了概念隐喻在不同的文化里运用的差异。这样可以弥补莱考夫概念隐喻理论中的不足——隐喻的民族性。 总之，概念隐喻民族性在外交话语中尤其是外交谈判中起着重要作用。文中仅仅总结了六方会谈中的英汉概念隐喻，以证实概念隐喻在会谈中的大量存在。目前，由于对外交语篇中的隐喻研究还不全面，期待着更多的理论和方法应用于外交话语中的概念隐喻研究。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

声明

Introduction

Chapter 1 General Description of Metaphors

1.1 Definitions of Metaphor

1.1.1 Traditional Definitions

1.1.2 New Definition

1.2 Historical Metaphor Research

1.2.1 The Aristotelian Approach

1.2.2 The Roman Thinkers' Approach

1.3 Contemporary Metaphor Research

1.3.1 The Pragmatic Approach

1.3.2 The Interactionist Approach

1.3.3 The Cognitive Approach

1.4 Classical Theories of Metaphors

1.4.1 Comparison Theory

1.4.2 Substitution Theory

1.4.3 Interaction Theory

Chapter 2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.1 The Development of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.2 Nature of Conceptual Metaphors

2.3 Philosophical Basis of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.4 Classification of Conceptual Metaphors

2.4.1 Orientational metaphors

2.4.2 Ontological Metaphors

2.4.3 Structural Metaphors

2.5 Main Characteristics of Conceptual Metaphors

2.5.1 Universality

2.5.2 Systematicity

2.5.3 Cultural Coherence

Chapter 3 Diplomatic Discourses

3.1 Diplomatic language and Diplomacy

3.1.1 Diplomatic Languages

3.1.2 Diplomacy

3.1.3 Diplomatic Discourses

3.2 Main Characteristics of Diplomatic Discourses

3.2.1 Accuracy

3.2.2 Sense of Propriety

3.2.3 Distinct Political Stand

3.2.4 The Dialectic Relationship between Precision and Vagueness

3.3 On Diplomatic Negotiation

Chapter 4 An Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in Diplomatic Discourses

4.1 Categories of Conceptual Metaphors in the Data

4.2 Examples of Conceptual Metaphors in Chinese Data

4.2.1 Journey Metaphors

4.2.2 Human Metaphors

4.2.3 War Metaphors

4.2.4 Building Metaphors

4.2.5 Climbing Metaphors

4.2.6 Container Metaphors

4.2.7 Resource Metaphors

4.2.8 Machine Metaphors

4.2.9 Drama Metaphors

4.3 Examples of Conceptual Metaphors in English Data

4.3.1 War Metaphors

4.3.2 Human Metaphors

4.3.3 Sports Metaphors

4.3.4 Business Metaphors

4.3.5 Drama Metaphors

4.3.6 Journey Metaphors

4.3.7 Resource Metaphors

4.3.8 Court Metaphors

4.3.9 Driving Metaphors

4.4 An Contrastive Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors

4.4.1 Statistics on Conceptual Metaphors

4.4.2 An Contrastive Analysis of the Chinese and English Data

4.5 Findings

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgement