论利率对贷款偿还的影响：例证取自坦桑尼亚小额信贷机构

摘要

The general objective of this study is to identify the impact of interest rate charges of loan repayment for micro-financial institutions in Tanzania.This study centers on the relationship between interest rate and loan repayments by comparing the two MFIs operations in Tanzania.The focus is the impact of interest rate, multiple loans and clients' business capacity in loan repayments.
　　Based on the findings, the study aims at providing recommendations which will ensure efficient loan reimbursement in MFIs in Tanzania.A literature review was conducted to get insights into what other researchers have found and conclusive in relation to the subject under study.The findings show that, when a client borrows without being assessed of the capacity of his or her business to reimburse that amount of loan, and when it comes exposed that the loan protected (secured) is larger than the capacity of the business, there is a higher possibility of repayment default.This means that the significant correlation between the interest amount charged by the MFI and loan repayments was clients regarded the higher interest amount as the factor that increases the burden to their businesses and direct cause of them to have problems in loan repayments.
　　The study revealed that when the borrowers, submit an application for borrowing multiple loans at a time, in different micro finance or in the same micro finance has an impact of loan repayment.This means that multiple loans is not a significant reason for loan default.However, multiple loans increase the burden of interest amount to be repaid and the riskiness of the borrower as the number of individuals guaranteed increases, this leads the client to be liable when his or her group members of both MFIs default.The reason pointed out by clients was that their businesses have higher ability to cover the obligations, for example, when a new borrower submit the first loan application in more than one micro finance cannot lead to repayment problems.The clients' business capacity has a significant relationship with impact on loan repayments.The reason laid down was that, taking higher loan level than the business capacity to repay that amount of loan leads to business difficulties on servicing the principal plus interest.Clients are serviced loans with a higher interest amount face of difficulty in repayments compared with those servicing lower amounts of interest charges.It was revealed that the interest burden retards clients' business growth.
　　In order to alleviate the repayment problems, the study suggest that micro finance has developed the training on business skills to their clients, before they submit the loan application, to facilitate approval of the amount of loan that fits the business of the loan applicant, and also to reduce the number of clients served per Credit Officer to facilitate the good services to their customers.

目录

声明

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms

1 Introduction

1．1 Islamic Banking

Principle of Riba(Usury or Interest)

1．2 Conventional Micro Finance(CMF)

1．2．1 The Islamic Solution(Qardh-Ul-Hassan)

1．3 Small and Medium Sized Enterprises(SMEs)

1．3．1 Constraints in Accessing Credit for SMEs to acquire capital from official MFI’s

1．3．2 SME and Microfinance Growth

1．4 Microfinance Institutions Operating in Tanzania

1．4．1 Objectives of Microfinance Institutions Operating in Tanzania

1．5 Mortgage Loan Fundamental Perception and Lawful Instruction

1．5．1 Essential Diversity of Amortized Mortgage

1．5．2 Perception of Mortgage in Islamic Law

2 Background and Significance of the Research

2．1 Research Background

2．1．1 Research Philosophy

2．1．2 Processes Involved in Research

2．2 Research Significance

2．3 Statement of the Problem

2．4 Objective of the Study

2．5 Research Questions

2．5．1 Research Innovation

2．5．2 Organization of the Study

3 Literature Review

3．1 Introduction

3．1．2 Review of Microfinance

3．2 The Demand and Supply for Microfinance

3．2．1 The Demand for Microfinance

3．2．2 The Supply of Microfinance

3．3 Various Models of Microfinance in Tanzania

3．3．1 The Microfinance Policy

3．3．2 Challenges Facing the Micro finance Sector

3．4 Review of Micro finance Institutions

3．4．1 Loan Processing in Micro finance Institutions

3．5 Delinquency

3．5．1 MFIs and Specific Characteristics of the Loan Delinquency

3．5．2 External Characteristics of the Loan Delinquency

3．6 Default

3．7 Review of Loan and Payment

3．7．1 Review of Loan

3．7．2 Review of Loan Repayment

3．8 Review of Interest Rates

3．8．1 Default of an Obligor

3．8．2 Interest Incentive Credit Demand

3．9 Empirical Literature Review

3．10 Conceptual Framework

4 Research Methodology

4．1 Introduction

4．1．1 Research Methods

4．2 Research Design

4．2．1 Research Population and Sample

4．2．2 Sample Size

4．3 Data Collection Methods and Procedures

4．3．1 Document review

4．3．2 Data Analysis Technique

5 Presentation Analysis and Interpresentation of the Research Findings

5．1 Introduction

5．2 The Distributed and Collected Questionnaires

5．2．1 Respondents’ Profile

5．2．2 Duration of Business of clients in MFIs

5．3 Loan Repayments

5．3．1 Business Capacity with Level of Loan and Interest Charged

5．3．2 Multiple loans Contribute to hardship on the loan default

5．4 Higher Interest Rate Being the Cause for Loan Defaults

5．4．1 Effect of Interest Rates on Loan Performanee

5．5 Inferential Analysis

5．5．1 Relationship between the Capacity of the Business to Repay the Loan and Loan Performance

5．5．2 Relationship between Multiple Loans and Loan Default in MFIs

5．6 Relationship between Interest Rates and Loan Default in MFIs

6 Conclusion and Recommendations

6．1 Conclusion

6．2 Recommendation

6．2．1 Researcher Opinion

6．2．2 Limitations and Further Research

References

8 Appendex