声明
CONTENTS
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Chapter 1.Introduction
1.1 PAR-2 activation in gastrointestinal tract
1.1.2 Effects of PAR-2 on the gastrointestinal tract
1.2 CGRP receptors and their distribution
1.2.1 CGRP modulates the mast cell functions
1.2.3 Role of CGRP in sensitization
1.3 Role of PAR-2 in visceral hypersensitivity
1.4.Role of PAR-2 in pain transmission
1.5 Therapies targeting PAR-2 and CGRP for visceral hypersensitivity
1.6 Objectives of the proposed research
lnnovation
Chapter 2.Visceral hypersensitivity is provoked by TNBS-induced ileitis
2.1 Materials and methods
2.1.1 Experimental animals
2.1.2 Induction of ileitis
2.1.3 Visceromotor response to colorectal distension
2.1.4 Symptoms and disease activity index
2.1.5 Tissue sampling
2.1.6 Macroscopic and microscopic observation
2.1.7 CGRP immunohistochemistry in DRG
2.1.9 Statistical analysis
2.2 Results
2.2.2 Macroscopic scoring of ileitis
2.2.3 Microscopic scoring of ileitis
2.2.4 Expression levels of CGRP in the DRG
2.2.5 Concentrations of MPO and cytokines
2.2.6 Visceromotor response to colorectal distension
2.2.7 Correlation between total VMR and CGRP level
2.3 Discussion
Chapter 3.Electroacupuncture intervention of visceral hypersensitivity is involved in activation of PAR-2 and CGRP in the spinal cord
3.1 Materials and Methods
3.1.1 Animal grouping
3.1.2 Visceral hypersensitivity model
3.1.3 Assessment of ileal inflammation
3.1.4 Electroacupuncture
3.1.5 Visceromotor response to graded colorectal distension
3.1.6 Tissue preparation
3.1.7 Immunohistochemistry
3.1.8 Western blotting analysis
3.1.9 RNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR
3.1.10 Statistical analysis
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Ileal inflammation
3.2.2 Cumulative effects of repetitive EA intervention on VMR to CRD
3.2.3 Effects of repetitive EA intervention on distribution PAR-2,CGRP and c-Fos immunonoreactivities
3.2.4 Effcts of repetitive EA intervention on measurement of PAl02,CGRt and c-Fos proteins
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Acknowledgements
Dedications
Appendix