概念整合理论视角下英汉N+N复合词的认知比较研究

摘要

语言来源于人们真实生活中的互动体验和认知过程。复合词的运用主要体现出人类思想的高度概括性和认知方式的经济性以及语言使用的灵活性和创造性。复合名词之所以成为最高产的构词形式主要也是由于人类认知经济性的需要。近年来国内外诸多学者都对英汉名名复合词做了很多相关研究，而名名复合词之所以引起关注主要在于首先名名复合词是表征人类体验的最有效的意义压缩工具。其次它能够反映出人类认知世界和意义构建的复杂过程，最后名名复合词的构词形式不仅仅局限于个体语言，而是语言发展过程中的普遍现象并受制于个体语言演变的基本规律。
　　Fauconnier的概念整合理论为英汉名名复合词的认知研究提供了一套直观的机制，也为认知比较研究创立了科学的方法。从句法功能上看名名复合词是名词性的，但不能够从构成成分本身直接获得两个名词间的语义关系，而是需要通过隐喻，转喻和概念整合才能构建出复合词的最终意义。概念整合理论为探索新概念形成的起源提供了全新思路，对于解释英汉名名复合词的语义结构具有重要的参考价值，特别是理论中的五类概念整合网络模型，对于大多数的英汉名名复合词都具有一定的解释力。
　　本文试图在概念整合理论的基础上，对映射空间的概念进行改进并建立一个更具有完善解释力的网络模型。新建立的网络模型添加了新的元素，包括选择空间，认知语境空间和输出空间。融合新元素的网络模型也是本文的重点部分。本文将五种类型的英汉名名复合词放入其对应的网络模型进行详细的解析，以验证新建模型的可行性和解释力。对原概念整合网络模型的修正作为本文的创新点可以给日后进一步研究作为参考，同时给英汉名名复合词研究提供一个新的视角，当然目前的研究也需要进一步的改善和验证。
　　研究表明英汉名名复合词在语义构建的过程中具有共同的认知机制。最后本文尝试探究英汉名名复合词构建过程中的相同点和不同点。其相同点包括以下两点:(1)英汉名名复合词的构建过程都遵循着经济性原则。(2)英汉名名复合词构建过程都存在语法化过程。其不同点有以下两点:(1)英汉名名复合词中两个名词之间的位置顺序的规律不同。英语中名名复合词中名词1和名词2的位置相对固定，不能随意改变。相比之下，汉语中名名复合词两个名词的位置就灵活很多，名词1和名词2两者之间位置的改变可能导致词意的改变也可能词意不受影响。(2)英汉名名复合词的词汇化差异可以归纳为两方面，一方面是词汇化程度不同，一方面是词汇化的概念化的方式不同。此外本文还通过识解的角度，具身体验和对英汉两个民族的文化差异的解读，揭示词汇差异背后深层的动因。
　　英汉名名复合词的比较研究不仅对英语学习者快速准确掌握复合词的意义有所帮助，而且为对外汉语教学提供一定的启示。

目录

Contents

摘要

Abstract

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Purpose and Significance of the Study

1．2 Methodology and Scope of the Study

1．3 Hypothesis of the Study

1．4 The Layout of the Study

Chapter Two Literature Review

2．1 Previous Study of N+N Compound Abroad

2．1．1 Descriptive Approaches

2．1．2 Transformational Approaches

2．1．3 Cognitive Approaches

2．2 Previous Study of Compound at Home

2．2．1 Syntactic and Semantic Perspective Studies

2．2．2 Rhetorical Perspective Studies

2．2．3 Cognitive Perspective Studies

2．3 Previous Comparative Study of English and Chinese Compounds

2．4 Limitations of Previous Researches

Chapter Three Theoretical Foundation

3．1 Definition of Compound of English and Chinese

3．1．1 Definition of Compound

3．1．2 The Delimitation of Compound and Phrase

3．1．3 The Definition of N+N Compound

3．1．4 Syntactic Structure Relation Between N1 and N2

3．1．5 Semantic Relation Between N1 and N2

3．2 A Brief Review of Conceptual Blending Theory

3．3 The Network Model of Conceptual Blending Theory

3．4 The Optimal Principles

3．5 Types of Conceptual B lending Networks

3．6 Summary

Chapter Four The Conceptual Blending Process of N+N Compounds in English and Chinese

4．1 A Tentative Establishment of a New Conceptual B lendingNetwork Model for the Conceptual Blending Process of English and Chinese N+N Compounds

4．1．1 The Introduction of the Newly Refined Network Model

4．1．2 Cognitive Context

4．2 N+N Compounds of English and Chinese Constructed in Simplex Network

4．2．1 English N+N Compounds Constructed in Simplex Network

4．2．2 Chinese N+N Compounds Constructed in Simplex Networ

4．3 N+N Compounds of English and Chinese Constructed in Mirror Network

4．3．1 English N+N Compounds Constructed in Mirror Network

4．3．2 Chinese N+N Compounds Constructed in Mirror Network

4．4 N+N Compounds of English and Chinese Constructed in Single-Scope Network

4．4．1 English N+N Compounds Constructed in Single-Scope Network

4．4．2 Chinese N+N Compounds Constructed in Single-Scope Network

4．5 N+N Compounds of English and Chinese Constructed in Double-Scope Network

4．5．1 English N+N Compounds Constructed in Double-ScopeNetwork

4．5．2 Chinese N+N Compounds Constructed in Double-ScopeNetwork

4．7 Summary

Chapter Five Comparison of English and Chinese N+N Compounds

5．1 The Similarities in English and Chinese N+N Compounds

5．1．1 Both Abide by the Principle of Economy

5．1．2 The Grammaticalization-integrated N+N compound

5．2 The Differences Between English and Chinese N+N Compounds

5．2．1 Different Sequences of N1 and N2 in English and Chinese N2

5．2．2 Different Processes of Lexicalization in English and Chinese

5．3 The Motivations of the Similarities and Differences Between English and Chinese N+N Compounds

5．3．1 Cognitive Construal-oriented Analysis

5．3．2 Embodiment-determined Constructions

5．3．3 Culture-shaped Noun Compounds Construction

5．4 Summary

Chapter Six Conclusion

6．1 Findings of the Study

6．2 Limitation of the study

Bibliography

攻读硕士学位期间所发表的学术论文

声明

Acknowledgements