声明
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
List of Table
Table of Annexes
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Study area:Benin’s Sub-Basin of Niger River (BSBNR),West Africa
1.3 Objectives of study
1.4 Methodology
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Definition of Crop Water Requirement
2.2 Review of Reference Evapotranspiration Methods
2.2.1 Blaney-Criddle Method
2.2.2 Radiation Method
2.2.3 Pan Evaporation Method
2.3 The FAO Penman-Monteith Equation
2.4 Use of FAO Penman-Monteith with Limited Climatie Data
2.4.1 Wind data
2.4.2 Humidity data
2.4.3 Radiation data
2.5 How to Calculate Crop Water Requirement
2.6 Cropwat for Windows
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 What Data Do It Need for Calculations
2.6.3 How to see the results
2.7 Outline of this study
Chapter 3 General Features of BSBNR
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Precipitation
3.3 Water resources
3.3.1 Surface water
3.3.2 Hydrogeology
3.3.2 Groundwater
3.3.3 Water Quality
3.4 Identification of problem
Chapter 4 Data Processing and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Climate
4.2.1 Temperature
4.2.2 Relative Humidity
4.2.3 Wind and isolation
4.2.4 Rainfall
4.3 Soils Topography and vegetation
4.3.1 Typology of BSBNR soils
4.3.2 BSBNR soil water content
4.3.3 Vegetation and Fauna
4.4 Crop data
4.4.1 Rice variety:Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima
4.4.2 Vegetative cycle
4.4.3 Rice cultivation
4.4.4 Rice Crop Fertilization
Chapter 5 Estimated rice water requirement
5.1 Calculation of Reference and crop Evapotranspiration
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Reference evapotranspiration (ETo)
5.1.3 Effective rain
5.1.4 Crop coefficient Kc
5.2.Crop water requirement (CWR)
5.2.1 Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) or crop water requirement (CWR)
5.2.2 Irrigation Requirement
5.2.3 Relations Crop evapotranspiration Etc,Rainfall and irrigation requirement
5.2.4 Irrigation schedule
Chapter 6 Discussion
6.1 Precipitation Variability
6.2 Reference evapotranspiration (ETo)
6.3 Plant Evapotranspiration
6.4 Soil Physical Characteristics:Texture and Structure
6.5 Crop coefficient kc
6.6 Crop water requirement and Irrigation water requirement
Chapter 7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Annexes