MONITORING SYSTEMS OF THREE MAJOR CONCRETE FACE ROCKFILL DAMS

摘要

The paper deals with the monitoring systems of three major concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs): Bakun dam (205 m in height) in Malaysia and the Upper and Lower Siah Bishe dams (90 m and 130 m in height) in Iran. The dam designs were decisively influenced by dam foundation conditions and optimum utilisation of construction materials available from required excavations, by incorporating poor quality materials in less sensitive dam zones, instead of wasting. Thus, thorough and comprehensive instrumentation systems were a prerequisite to monitor the performance and safety of the CFRDs during construction, reservoir filling and operation. The monitoring concepts for the CFRDs are described along with the selected types of instruments. The monitoring systems were optimised for the site conditions and dam design features in order to compare measured values with the results of large-scale in situ tests, laboratory tests, and numerical analyses as well as to verify the design criteria and assumptions. The dam monitoring focused on the general condition of the dam, leakage, piezometric pressures, dam surface movements, internal deformations and total stress, seismic performance of the dam, and seismicity induced in the reservoir area. An automatic data acquisition system (ADAS) was included in the long-term monitoring programme.