Jet grouting ― A method to control ground settlements and overbreak failures caused by tunneling in weak rock conditions

摘要

This paper presents the gained experience from the use of jet grouting techniques for the control of ground settlements and overbreak failures, caused by tunneling operations in the weak rock environment of the Athens Metro project. Emphasis is given to features and limitations of jet grouting techniques, as these were evaluated with the aid of the results of performed full-scale tests. Moreover, the main characteristics of a complete ground treatment campaign is presented and the results in minimizing, during tunneling, both settlements and overbreak failures are reported.