Simplified approaches for the prediction of deep-drawing ears

摘要

The deep-drawing of cups is a very common forming process, where a circular flange is pushed by a punch through a die to give a cylindrical cup. As an example, this is the first step in the manufacturing of the billions of beverage cans produced annually from aluminum alloys or steel. One defect that may appear in this process is a way profile of the rim of the cup, with troughs alternating with peaks (or'ears'), as illustrated in Figure 1.