Abstract: A fully operational single-camera system for 3D medical laparoscopy has been developed. We optimized the optical design to increase the amount of light through the system, and we improved the image quality through an increase in resolution and a reduction of the flicker. We report the details of the present embodiment of the laparoscope and note the specific differences between the current version and those previously described. In order to improve image stability this model was built retaining the single camera but with the two viewpoints presented field-sequentially at 60 Hz. Shuttered glasses are used for viewing the monitor. The present embodiment retains the single-camera concept and the shuttered glasses, but now switches at 120 Hz to present a flickerless image. Light losses in the original laparoscope have been overcome through improved placement of fiber bundles, modifications to the optics to achieve higher fumber for the system, and better cameras that respond well at low light levels. Although the latest scope has twisted-nematic liquid-crystal shutters, mechanical shutters will be tried in the next generation. !7
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