BASE MAPS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DIFFUSE SOIL POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS

摘要

It could be shown that spatial distributions of trace metal concentrations of urban soils can be calculated by geostatistical semivariogram models. The spatial heterogeneity of the upper 5 cm of urban soils is not as intensive to foil spatial modelling with geostatistical variogram models. This holds for different spatial solutions. These geostatistical models can be used to detect outliers, which could be due to locally contaminated sites or transferred soils of different sites. These models can also be used to test whether the trace metal concentrations of new sample sites fit in the spatial correlation of diffuse pollution and natural background. The methods presented to create base-maps of spatial relationships of pollution of urban soils are an important tool for sustainable urban development and urban soil management. Urban regions with higher impact of diffuse pollution can be recognized and further investigations, if necessary, can be defined on this base. Urban development can be laid out considering already existing pollution and the vulnerability of soils, and with them plants or groundwater, to be polluted. Furthermore, restrictions can be defined to prevent transfer of soils from higher polluted areas to lower polluted areas.