Investigation of Germplasm Resources of Cypripedium maranthos in Northern China

摘要

The genus of Cypripedium, belonging to the subfamily of Cypripedioideae in Orchidaceae, had been recognized as a conservative hot spot and a 'flagship' group in the world for its rich diversities, high ornamental value and endangered condition.The species of Cypripedium macranthos Sw.is the most beautiful species among its family in northern China.Therefore, in order to understand the real survival situation and conserve ex situ and in situ of this species, investigations of germplasm resources were implemented in 8 provinces in north and northeast China.Totally,24 natural populations of C.macranthos were found at altitudes ranging from 2205 m in the most south part to 143 m in the most north part of the investigated areas.There were also C.guttatum Sw., C.calceolus L.and C.shanxience S.E.Chen growing in the habitat, with their varieties and natural hybrids forming a rich variation group.Most populations had been greatly over-collected, and most individuals of Cypripedium scattered in sub-alp meadow or under birch canopy with good light condition.The soil is fertile and slightly acidic with rich humus.In conclusion, wild Cypripedium resource growing in nature habitat had been over exploited and should be protected urgently.