Transparency and Openness in International Safeguards

摘要

This paper presents an interim report on a memorial activity for Cecil Sonnier inrnrecognition of his dedication to the INMM International Safeguards Division (ISD),rnwhich he founded and chaired for two decades. This activity was initiated at the INMMrnAnnual Meeting in July 2004, and a number of persons are participating with ISD. Arnreexamination of ‘transparency and openness’ was selected as a suitable memorialrndiscussion topic. IAEA Director General Dr. Hans Blix first called for transparency andrnopenness in the international safeguards area in February 1992. In 1992-93 the StandingrnAdvisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), reporting to the IAEA’srnDirector General, addressed these issues. In 1994 Cecil Sonnier brought that discussionrninto the INMM ISD. Recently, transparency and openness have again entered therndiscussion as the international community reacts to cases where compliance has been inrnquestion or confirmed, as well as to the nuclear proliferation black market. The ISDrnreexamination has found that a discussion of transparency and openness raises manyrnissues of current importance in international safeguards and nonproliferation. Inrnfocusing on how transparency and openness contribute to the assurances that the IAEArnprovides to States, questions being addressed include the following. Can transparencyrnand openness strengthen the safeguards conclusions that the IAEA draws? Doesrnopenness and transparency to the IAEA mean doing everything the safeguards agreementrncalls for, or going beyond the agreement? What is the role of transparency and opennessrnwith regard to safeguards on declared nuclear material and facilities, and with respect tornassurances of the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities? This interimrnreport will introduce the reexamination and present findings to date.