High-resolution deep-tissue optical imaging using anti-Stokes phosphors

摘要

We report on the high-resolution deep-tissue imaging using novel water-dispersible upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) P-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+):Tm~(3+). Luminescence from the UCNP embedded into tissue-mimicking phantoms at the depth of 4 mm epi-illuminated with 975-nm laser radiation was detected. Fiber-optic detection shows 2-times better resolution compared with that obtained using CCD-based imaging modality. The conversion efficiency of upconversion particles and their cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were also investigated and reported.