The Cold War legacies in the United States and countries of the former Soviet Union are daunting enough in the aggregate. However, even when looking at a single example site, the difficulties of clean up can be staggering. This chapter presents a case study of remediation of the contamination legacy in Bulgaria. Tailings from mine milling operations dumped a total of about 8,000,000 tons of refuse in Vromos Bay on the Black Sea. The heavy iron sulphides and oxides, copper, and uranium minerals remained deposited in the surf area, right on the beach, where they formed a field about 2,300 meters long, up to 150 meters wide, and 2.3 meters thick. In 1995, the Bourgas Copper Mines chose to apply for the PHARE-ECOLOGY Programme to sponsor the restoration project.
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