Frequency conversion using synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) is a widely used technique for extending the wavelength range of laser systems to longer wavelengths. In addition, the use of a second nonlinear crystal inside the OPO cavity facilitates up-conversion to shorter wavelengths by intracavity second-harmonic generation (SHG) or by sum-frequency generation (SFG). Recently, upconversion OPO's that use a single crystal for both parametric generation and SHG/SFG have been demonstrated. These devices have achieved conversion efficiencies in excess of those utilizing two crystals. Theoretical models that predict multistability,period doubling, and chaos at high pump levels have also been developed.
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