Pyrethroid Pesticide is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom in 4-Year Old Children

摘要

Background: Using pyrethroid insecticides has increased rapidly over the past decade. Pyrethroid pesticides are known to be able to cause abnormalities in the dopamine system and affect an Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) phenotype in animal experiments. However, studies about their potential health effects, especially on children, are limited. In this study, we assessed the association between use of pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD symptom in 4-year old children. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 385 participants in Environment and Development of Children (EDC) Study who were 4 years old from 2014 to 2015. Creatinine adjusted 3-PBA concentration was measured in children's urine at 4 years of age. We assessed the association between urinary 3-PBA concentration and using pyrethroid insecticides from living environment questionnaire and also assessed the association between urinary 3-PBA concentration and ADHD symtom through generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: The mean 3-PBA concentration in children's urine at 4 years of age was 2.267 ug/g creatinine. Natural log transformed 3-PBA concentration was significantly associated with children's ADHD symtom (B = 0.057, P = 0.003). When stratified by gender, it was significant in boys but not in girls. Higher urinary 3-PBA concentration was significantly associated with using pyrethroid pesticide(B = 0.339, P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our study results indicate that urinary 3-PBA concentration in 4-year old children increases the risk of developing ADHD. As the use of pyrethroid pesticides is increasing, more attention should be paid to their health effects.