Introduction: Previous studies have shown a positive association between manganese and depression symptoms. The effect of elevated manganese levels on depression may apply to postpartum depression as well due to postpartum depression being a subtype of depression. We examined the association between prenatal blood manganese levels and postpartum depression among women in Mexico City. Methods: Study subjects were 561 women from the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City. Blood manganese levels were measured at 2nd and 3rd trimester, as well as delivery. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess postpartum depression. Adjustments were made for maternal age, prenatal stress, prenatal depression, education, socioeconomic status, and contemporaneous blood lead levels. Poisson regression was used to analyze depression scores. Results: Among our study participants, 17.11% reported having postpartum depression symptoms. In the crude analysis, blood manganese levels during the 3rd trimester, prenatal stress, and prenatal depression had a positive association, and women with more than a high school education had an inverse association with postpartum depression symptoms. In the adjusted model, blood manganese levels averaged at 2nd and 3rd trimester (B: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02-0.28) and blood manganese levels during 3rd trimester (B: 0.1$395% CI: 0.04-0.21) in which the adjusted lead measure was lead in the tibia bone at 1 month postpartum and blood lead at 3rd trimester, respectively, had a positive association with postpartum depressive symptoms. Higher blood manganese levels averaged at the 2nd and 3rd trimester (B: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02-0.26) had a positive association with postpartum depression symptoms in which the adjusted lead measure was averaged at 2nd and 3rd trimester. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that elevated prenatal blood manganese levels may increase the prevalence of postpartum depression symptoms.
展开▼
