A Systematic Laboratory Approach to Low-Cost, High-Performance Chemical Flooding

摘要

We present a systematic study of laboratory tests of alternative chemical formulations for a chemical flood design and application. Aqueous and microemulsion phase behavior tests have previously been shown to be a rapid, inexpensive and highly effective means to select the best chemicals and minimize the need for relatively expensive core flood tests. Microemulsion phase behavior testing was therefore conducted using various combinations of surfactants, co-solvents and alkalis with a particular crude oil and reservoir conditions of interest. Branched alcohol propoxy sulfates and internal olefin sulfonates showed high performance in these tests, even when mixed with both conventional and novel alkali agents. Systematic screening methods helped tailor and fine-tune chemical mixtures to perform well under the given design constraints. The best chemical formulations were validated in core flood experiments, and compared in terms of both oil recovery and surfactant retention in cores. Each of the four best formulations tested in core floods gave nearly 100% oil recovery and very low surfactant adsorption. The two formulations with conventional and novel alkali agents gave almost zero surfactant retention. In standard practice, soft water must be used with alkali, but we show how ASP flooding can be used in this case even with very hard, saline brine.