Industry 4.0 and digitalization are common themes in aluminium producers' strategies. However, the actual penetration of such applications varies and there is a lack of common terminology. In this article, we first establish a framework around different types of applications seen in the aluminium industry, specifically the carbon area, consisting of: (1) Measuring and managing data (2) Sensing and diagnosing (3) Simulating and creating a "twin" (4) Automatic process optimization (5) Robotics and autonomous operation.
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