The increases of worldwide energy consumption and the concern about the environment have made us pay attention to eco-friendly and renewable energy, such as solar power, wind power, water power, geothermal power, biofuel energy, etc. [P. A. Owusu and S. Asumadu-Sarkodie, Cogent Eng., 3, 1167990 (2016)]. The salinity gradient between seawater and river water must be one of such energy sources. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a power generation system which translates salinity gradient energy to electricity by the use of ion-exchange membranes [Y. Mei and C. Y. Tang, Desalination, 425, 156 (2018)]. Since the waters are sufficient on Earth and RED using them does not generate harmful waste, RED can supply electricity in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. However, the drop in the power capacity owing to the large resistance of the river water, the high cost of ion-exchange membranes, deterioration and clogging of ion-exchange membranes, etc. are serious problems to be solved.
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机译：全球能源消耗的增加和对环境的担忧使我们关注环保和可再生能源，如太阳能，风力，水力，地热电，生物燃料能量等。[P. A. Owusu和S. Asumadu-Sarkodie，Cogent Eng。，3,1167990（2016）]。 海水和河水之间的盐度梯度必须是这样的能源之一。 反向电渗析（红色）是一种发电系统，通过使用离子交换膜将盐度梯度能量转化为电力[Y. Mei和C. Y. Tang，Desalination，425,156（2018）]。 由于水在地球上足够并且使用它们没有产生有害的废物，因此红色可以以可持续和环保的方式提供电力。 然而，由于河水的大电阻，离子交换膜的高成本，离子交换膜的劣化等的高成本是严重问题。
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