Multidimensional Operando Analysis of Li/S Batteries with Neutrons and Photons

摘要

Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries have a fivefold higher theoretical gravimetric energy density (2680 Wh/kg) than state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the abundance and environmental friendliness of sulfur qualify this system as a promising candidate for the post-lithium-ion era. However, the strong capacity fading with increasing cycle number is still a major obstacle to a broad technical utilization despite decades of research. Operando techniques are very suitable tools to gain a mechanistic understanding of degradation processes. Especially the simultaneous combination of several independent measurements (multidimensional) while the Li/S cell is in operation allows deep insights into the degradation mechanisms and provides a further mechanistic understanding of the complex Li/S chemistry.