A general discrete formulation procedure for small-signal analysis of switching DC-DC regulators is presented. The formulation is given in the form of a regulator state transition matrix and it can be applied in either of the two conduction modes under different control strategies. In both current-programmed and multiloop pulse-width-modulation (PWM) modes, this technique leads to the same results as the case-by-case nonsystematic analysis of this type of regulator. A two-loop PWM buck regulator operating in the continuous conduction mode is used to illustrate the application of the method.
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