Detailed temperature measurements of the condensed phase are important for the study of flame spread over liquids and liquid-pool fires leading to boilover. The measurement requires high spatial resolution near the interface between liquid and gas, where a steep temperature gradient is formed that controls the heat-transfer process between the two phases. Conventional thermocouple technique have limitations on the accuracy of measurements in this type of sensitive location because the thermocapillary effect caused by the presence of the thermocouple bead significantly distorts the original temperature distribution near the interface.
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