Glasses have been used in ornaments and decorations in Thailand for several hundred years, especially various colors of decorative glass which called Ancient Thai Glass (ATG) that made by Thais were found as architecture components of historical materials. Nowadays, the ATG has been almost broken and no products. Restoration with glass for conservation can be found with the modern imported glass (MIG) which bought from the market that brought from the foreign countries. However, it was shown that the colors of ATG were unchanged for hundreds of years, while as those of MIG were mostly changed within ten years. In this work, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (SEM-EDX) was used to characterize the structure and composition of the greenish-ATG compared with those of MIG. It was found that the glass substrate of the ATG was lead-based glass, while as that of the MIG was soda-based one. It was revealed that the green coloration came from the Cu, Fe and Cr ions that doped into the glass matrix that confirmed with either the EDX or line scan. The results from this work are used as information that understanding the characteristics and how their production. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied successfully in the historical glass study. It can be concluded that this technique can be applied successfully in the field of archaeology.
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