Instrument Requirements for Accuracy of Ionizing Radiation Measurement in Environmental Monitoring

摘要

The problem of radiation contamination makes the control relevant based on monitoring studies of large areas and large masses of the population. The issue of the development of measuring equipment base is relevant. The main quality indicator of radiation monitoring devices are random measurement errors. Quantitative assessment of technical efficiency of dosimetric monitoring devices is the expectation of the output effect. The relation between the probability of damage is not lower than the given degree of severity and magnitude of the acting damaging factor is called factorial law of damage. There are four types of law: conditional static, conditional dynamic, unconditional static, unconditional dynamic. The specific type of law is determined by experimental data. The probability density function of the random value of the radiation dose measured by the device is described by logarithmically normal law. In the field of small and large values of radiation doses, the conditional static and conditional dynamic laws practically do not differ. Therefore, measurement errors by the device of radiation doses are not so significant. In the area of radiation dose values, where the differences between two laws under consideration can reach rather large values, the maximum deviation of conditional dynamic law from the conditional static one is used. By setting the permissible value of the maximum discrepancy between two laws, it seems possible, in case of solving the inverse problem, to justify permissible errors in measuring radiation doses by a radiation device. Since the dose of radiation at a given point in time after an accident of a radiation-hazardous object can always be used to estimate the dose of radiation for a given exposure.