Specificity of Durum and Soft Winter Wheat Organogenesis Stages, Growth Phases and Development, Productivity and Quality in Forest-Steppe Conditions of the Voronezh Region

摘要

Two types of winter wheat were studied in forest-steppe conditions of the Voronezh region: durum (grade Donchanka) and soft (grade Bezenchukskaya 380). The purpose of the given study is to introduce the winter durum wheat into the Central Chernozem region. This requires the study of biological features of the corresponding grades for further development of adaptive cultivation technologies in unusual soil climatic conditions. The field and laboratory experiments covered the study of particularities of organogenesis stages, growth phases and development, productivity and quality regarding two wheat species. The differences in plant development were detectable in the forest-steppe conditions of the Central Chernozem region. Unlike the soft wheat, the durum winter wheat moves to the third stage of organogenesis in pre-winter conditions. The active growth and development of the growing-point is observed. At subsequent stages of organogenesis the durum winter wheat also surpasses the soft winter wheat cultivars in development. It speeds through interphases, and its vegetation period is 4 days longer. However, the durum wheat yields 6.32 tons ha-1 less than the soft species, its grain quality is better: 1000-kernel weight is 1.04 g higher, protein content is 1% higher, and gluten content is 1.9% more. Gluten quality of solid wheat is 10.3 higher.