Current sand and dust storm (SDS) models have manyuncertainties especially in the estimation of the dust emission part(Uno et al., 2006) because the dust emission is related to manyparameters such as wind, soil moisture, soil texture, soil freeze, soilsalinization, snow cover, vegetation and non-erodible elements(Kurosaki et al., 2011). The presence of non-erodible elementsstrongly affects on wind erosion in natural situations, but current SDSmodels don’t include sufficiently their effects in their both schemeand data. The stone is one of the non-erodible elements, and it affectsthe erosion amount in two ways: Firstly, its coverage protects thesurface from wind erosion (coverage effect); secondly, they consumea part of the wind momentum (shear stress partitioning). But aparameterization of stone effect has not been developed because ameasurement of stone’s geometrical fractional area has beenunavailable for a wide area. We focuse on an effect of stone on sandsaltation, which can be a trigger of dust emission, and we examined itby observation and model simulation.
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