Coalitional integration of wind turbines via cooperative energy trading in distributed power system

摘要

The intermittent nature of many renewable energy resources gives the challenge to the coordination of modern electric power grids. The vision to sequestrate fossil fuel (e.g., coal, natural gas, etc.) power plants accelerates the occupation of fluctuating sources which introduces instability in power systems. The reduction of grid vulnerability is becoming more important for reliable grid operation as the increasing penetration of renewable energy. For this purpose, a cooperative game frame is developed in this paper and the coalitions among the traditional and distributed sources are formed to mitigate the system power fluctuations and to increase spinning reserve for operational flexibility by minimizing real power losses on distribution lines. A game theory based algorithm is proposed to increase the penetration of renewable energy while maintaining system generation constraints, voltage constraints, and AC power flow constraints. The Shapley value based coalition algorithm in each area is used for distributing the transferable utility among coalition players fairly. Finally, the simulation results on IEEE-39 bus test system show that the strategy based on coalition game theory accommodates substantial amount of variable wind penetration and leads to a reduction of real power losses with respect to base results.