A numerical model for evaluating the distribution of the acoustic pressure and temperature beneath the abdominal wall or the chest wall under nonablative high-intensity ultrasound treatments is proposed. The nonlinear propagation of the ultrasound wave was simulated using a k-space pseudo-spectral method. The abdominal wall (heterogeneous medium) was presented by the digital tissue cross sections. The heating process was modeled by solving the bioheat equation using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. As indicated in the simulation, the presents of the heterogeneous tissue can influence the distribution of the acoustic intensity. The intensity beneath the abdominal wall was decreased by 2.2 dB on the focal point compared with homogeneous tissue and the temperature of the focused region in the tissue is reduced as a result. Furthermore, compared with conventional 2-order FDTD methods, the proposed model is still stable when the high dissipative tissue (e.g., bone) presents.
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